Book of Joel - Revision history

Beza 1598 at 08:50, 5 March 2016

2016-03-05T08:50:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:50, 5 March 2016
Line 35:		Line 35:

	This splitting of the book’s composition began to be challenged in the mid-twentieth century, with scholars defending the unity of the book, the plausibility of the prophet combining a contemporary and apocalyptic outlook, and later additions by the prophet. The authenticity of [[Joel 3:4\|3:4]]–[[Joel 3:8\|8]] has presented more challenges, although a large number of scholars defend it.<sup>[3]</sup>		This splitting of the book’s composition began to be challenged in the mid-twentieth century, with scholars defending the unity of the book, the plausibility of the prophet combining a contemporary and apocalyptic outlook, and later additions by the prophet. The authenticity of [[Joel 3:4\|3:4]]–[[Joel 3:8\|8]] has presented more challenges, although a large number of scholars defend it.<sup>[3]</sup>

			{{Donate}}

Nick at 03:47, 16 April 2011

2011-04-16T03:47:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:47, 16 April 2011
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{~~Book~~ of ~~Joel~~}}		{{Template:Books of the Old Testament}}

	The Book of Joel is part of the Hebrew Bible. Joel is part of a group of twelve prophetic books known as the Minor Prophets or simply as The Twelve; the distinction 'minor' indicates the short length of the text in relation to the larger prophetic texts known as the "Major Prophets".		The Book of Joel is part of the Hebrew Bible. Joel is part of a group of twelve prophetic books known as the Minor Prophets or simply as The Twelve; the distinction 'minor' indicates the short length of the text in relation to the larger prophetic texts known as the "Major Prophets".

Nick: Protected "Book of Joel" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2010-08-13T23:00:09Z

Protected "Book of Joel" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 23:00, 13 August 2010
(No difference)

Nick: /* Historical context */

2010-08-13T22:59:57Z

Historical context

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:59, 13 August 2010
Line 20:		Line 20:
	As there are no explicit references in the book to datable persons or events, scholars have assigned a wide range of dates to the book. The main positions are:<sup>[]</sup>		As there are no explicit references in the book to datable persons or events, scholars have assigned a wide range of dates to the book. The main positions are:<sup>[]</sup>
	* Ninth century BC, particularly in the reign of [[Joash]] - a position especially popular among nineteenth-century scholars (making Joel one of the earliest [[Literary prophets\|writing prophets]])		* Ninth century BC, particularly in the reign of [[Joash]] - a position especially popular among nineteenth-century scholars (making Joel one of the earliest [[Literary prophets\|writing prophets]])
	* c.~~630–587~~ BC, in the last decades of the kingdom of Judah (contemporary with [[Jeremiah]], [[Ezekiel]], [[Habakkuk]])		* c.[[630 BC\|630]]–[[587 BC]], in the last decades of the kingdom of Judah (contemporary with [[Jeremiah]], [[Ezekiel]], [[Habakkuk]])
	* c.~~520–500~~ BC, contemporary with the return of the exiles and the careers of [[Zechariah]] and [[Haggai]].		* c.[[520 BC\|520]]–[[500 BC]], contemporary with the return of the exiles and the careers of [[Zechariah]] and [[Haggai]].
	* The decades around 400 BC, during the [[Achaemenid Empire\|Persian]] period (making him one of the latest writing prophets)		* The decades around [[400 BC]], during the [[Achaemenid Empire\|Persian]] period (making him one of the latest writing prophets)

	==History of interpretation==		==History of interpretation==

Nick: /* Historical context */

2010-08-13T22:58:07Z

Historical context

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:58, 13 August 2010
Line 18:		Line 18:
	==Historical context==		==Historical context==
	[[Image:Joel (Michelangelo).jpg\|right\|thumb\|The Prophet Joel as imagined by [[Michelangelo]] ([[Fresco]], [[Sistine Chapel]] Ceiling, 1508–1512)]]		[[Image:Joel (Michelangelo).jpg\|right\|thumb\|The Prophet Joel as imagined by [[Michelangelo]] ([[Fresco]], [[Sistine Chapel]] Ceiling, 1508–1512)]]
	As there are no explicit references in the book to datable persons or events, scholars have assigned a wide range of dates to the book. The main positions are:<~~ref~~>~~Outlined by Allen (pp. 19-25), who himself favours the third position.~~</~~ref~~>		As there are no explicit references in the book to datable persons or events, scholars have assigned a wide range of dates to the book. The main positions are:<sup>[]</sup>
	* Ninth century BC, particularly in the reign of [[Joash]] - a position especially popular among nineteenth-century scholars (making Joel one of the earliest [[Literary prophets\|writing prophets]])		* Ninth century BC, particularly in the reign of [[Joash]] - a position especially popular among nineteenth-century scholars (making Joel one of the earliest [[Literary prophets\|writing prophets]])
	* c.630–587 BC, in the last decades of the kingdom of Judah (contemporary with [[Jeremiah]], [[Ezekiel]], [[Habakkuk]])		* c.630–587 BC, in the last decades of the kingdom of Judah (contemporary with [[Jeremiah]], [[Ezekiel]], [[Habakkuk]])

Nick: /* History of interpretation */

2010-08-13T22:57:43Z

History of interpretation

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:57, 13 August 2010
Line 25:		Line 25:

	==History of interpretation==		==History of interpretation==
	The preservation of the book of Joel indicates that it was accorded special status by its contemporaries as “the word of the Lord” (1:1). Its history as part of the Jewish and Christian canons followed that of the entire scroll of the [[Minor Prophets]].

	The ~~[[Masoretic text]] places Joel between [[Book~~ of ~~Hosea\|Hosea]] and [[Book~~ of ~~Amos\|Amos]] (the order inherited~~ by the ~~Tanakh and Old Testament), while the~~ [[~~Septuagint]] order is Hosea–Amos–[[Book of Micah~~\|~~Micah~~]]~~–Joel–[[Book~~ of ~~Obadiah\|Obadiah]]–[[Book~~ of ~~Jonah\|Jonah]]. The Hebrew text~~ of ~~Joel seems to have suffered little from [[Textual criticism\|scribal transmission]], but is at a few points supplemented by~~ the ~~Septuagint, [[Peshitta\|Syriac]], and [[Vulgate]] versions, or by~~ [[~~conjectural emendation~~]].~~<ref>Allen 36</ref>~~		The preservation of the book of Joel indicates that it was accorded special status by its contemporaries as “the word of the Lord” ([[Joel 1:1\|1:1]]). Its history as part of the Jewish and Christian canons followed that of the entire scroll of the [[Minor Prophets]].

	~~While~~ the ~~book purports to describe a plague of locusts~~, ~~some ancient Jewish opinion saw~~ the ~~locusts as~~ [[~~allegory~~\|~~allegorical~~]] ~~interpretations~~ of ~~Israel's enemies~~.~~<ref>~~[[~~Targum~~]] at ~~2:25; also margin of~~ [[Septuagint\|~~LXX~~]] ~~manuscript Q~~, ~~mid-6th century AD</ref> This allegorical interpretation was applied to the church by many~~ [[~~church fathers~~]]~~. Calvin took a literal interpretation of ch.1, but allegorical view of chapter 2~~, ~~a position echoed~~ by ~~some modern interpreters. Most modern interpreters, however, see Joel speaking of a literal locust plague given a prophetic/~~ [[~~apocalyptic~~]] ~~interpretation~~.~~<ref>See Allen 29-31</ref>~~		The [[Masoretic text]] places Joel between [[Book of Hosea\|Hosea]] and [[Book of Amos\|Amos]] (the order inherited by the Tanakh and Old Testament), while the [[Septuagint]] order is Hosea–Amos–[[Book of Micah\|Micah]]–Joel–[[Book of Obadiah\|Obadiah]]–[[Book of Jonah\|Jonah]]. The Hebrew text of Joel seems to have suffered little from [[Textual criticism\|scribal transmission]], but is at a few points supplemented by the [[Septuagint]], [[Peshitta\|Syriac]], and [[Vulgate]] versions, or by [[conjectural emendation]].

	~~The traditional ascription of~~ the ~~whole~~ book to the ~~prophet Joel~~ was ~~challenged in~~ the ~~late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries~~ by a ~~theory~~ of ~~a three stage process of composition:~~ 1~~:1–2:27 were from the hand~~ of Joel, ~~and dealt with~~ a ~~contemporary issue; 2:28–3:21 were ascribed to a continuator with an apocalyptic outlook~~. ~~Mentions in the first half~~ of ~~the book to the~~ [[~~day of the Lord~~]] ~~were also ascribed to this continuator. 3:4–8 could be seen as even later. Details of exact ascriptions differed between scholars~~.		While the book purports to describe a plague of locusts, some ancient Jewish opinion saw the locusts as [[allegory\|allegorical]] interpretations of Israel's enemies.<sup>[1]</sup> This allegorical interpretation was applied to the church by many [[church fathers]]. Calvin took a literal interpretation of ch.1, but allegorical view of [[Joel 2\|chapter 2]], a position echoed by some modern interpreters. Most modern interpreters, however, see Joel speaking of a literal locust plague given a prophetic/ [[apocalyptic]] interpretation.<sup>[2]</sup>

	This splitting of the book’s composition began to be challenged in the mid-twentieth century, with scholars defending the unity of the book, the plausibility of the prophet combining a contemporary and apocalyptic outlook, and later additions by the prophet. The authenticity of 3:~~4–8~~ has presented more challenges, although a number of scholars ~~still~~ defend it.<~~ref~~>~~See Allen 25–29 for details and arguments.~~</~~ref~~>		The traditional ascription of the whole book to the prophet Joel was challenged by liberals in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with a flawed theory of a three stage process of composition: [[Joel 1:1\|1:1]]–[[Joel 2:27\|2:27]] were from the hand of Joel, and dealt with a contemporary issue; [[Joel 2:28\|2:28]]–[[Joel 3:21\|3:21]] were ascribed to a continuator with an apocalyptic outlook. Mentions in the first half of the book to the [[day of the Lord]] were also ascribed to this continuator. [[Joel 3:4\|3:4]]–[[Joel 3:8\|8]] could be seen as even later. Details of exact ascriptions differed between scholars.

			This splitting of the book’s composition began to be challenged in the mid-twentieth century, with scholars defending the unity of the book, the plausibility of the prophet combining a contemporary and apocalyptic outlook, and later additions by the prophet. The authenticity of [[Joel 3:4\|3:4]]–[[Joel 3:8\|8]] has presented more challenges, although a large number of scholars defend it.<sup>[3]</sup>

Nick: /* Historical context */

2010-08-13T22:50:49Z

Historical context

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 13 August 2010
Line 23:		Line 23:
	* c.520–500 BC, contemporary with the return of the exiles and the careers of [[Zechariah]] and [[Haggai]].		* c.520–500 BC, contemporary with the return of the exiles and the careers of [[Zechariah]] and [[Haggai]].
	* The decades around 400 BC, during the [[Achaemenid Empire\|Persian]] period (making him one of the latest writing prophets)		* The decades around 400 BC, during the [[Achaemenid Empire\|Persian]] period (making him one of the latest writing prophets)

			==History of interpretation==
			The preservation of the book of Joel indicates that it was accorded special status by its contemporaries as “the word of the Lord” (1:1). Its history as part of the Jewish and Christian canons followed that of the entire scroll of the [[Minor Prophets]].

			The [[Masoretic text]] places Joel between [[Book of Hosea\|Hosea]] and [[Book of Amos\|Amos]] (the order inherited by the Tanakh and Old Testament), while the [[Septuagint]] order is Hosea–Amos–[[Book of Micah\|Micah]]–Joel–[[Book of Obadiah\|Obadiah]]–[[Book of Jonah\|Jonah]]. The Hebrew text of Joel seems to have suffered little from [[Textual criticism\|scribal transmission]], but is at a few points supplemented by the Septuagint, [[Peshitta\|Syriac]], and [[Vulgate]] versions, or by [[conjectural emendation]].<ref>Allen 36</ref>

			While the book purports to describe a plague of locusts, some ancient Jewish opinion saw the locusts as [[allegory\|allegorical]] interpretations of Israel's enemies.<ref>[[Targum]] at 2:25; also margin of [[Septuagint\|LXX]] manuscript Q, mid-6th century AD</ref> This allegorical interpretation was applied to the church by many [[church fathers]]. Calvin took a literal interpretation of ch.1, but allegorical view of chapter 2, a position echoed by some modern interpreters. Most modern interpreters, however, see Joel speaking of a literal locust plague given a prophetic/ [[apocalyptic]] interpretation.<ref>See Allen 29-31</ref>

			The traditional ascription of the whole book to the prophet Joel was challenged in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by a theory of a three stage process of composition: 1:1–2:27 were from the hand of Joel, and dealt with a contemporary issue; 2:28–3:21 were ascribed to a continuator with an apocalyptic outlook. Mentions in the first half of the book to the [[day of the Lord]] were also ascribed to this continuator. 3:4–8 could be seen as even later. Details of exact ascriptions differed between scholars.

			This splitting of the book’s composition began to be challenged in the mid-twentieth century, with scholars defending the unity of the book, the plausibility of the prophet combining a contemporary and apocalyptic outlook, and later additions by the prophet. The authenticity of 3:4–8 has presented more challenges, although a number of scholars still defend it.<ref>See Allen 25–29 for details and arguments.</ref>

Nick: /* Historical context */

2010-08-13T22:50:25Z

Historical context

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 13 August 2010
Line 23:		Line 23:
	* c.520–500 BC, contemporary with the return of the exiles and the careers of [[Zechariah]] and [[Haggai]].		* c.520–500 BC, contemporary with the return of the exiles and the careers of [[Zechariah]] and [[Haggai]].
	* The decades around 400 BC, during the [[Achaemenid Empire\|Persian]] period (making him one of the latest writing prophets)		* The decades around 400 BC, during the [[Achaemenid Empire\|Persian]] period (making him one of the latest writing prophets)

	Evidence produced for these positions are allusions in the book to the wider world, similarities with other prophets, and linguistic details. Other commentators, such as [[John Calvin]],<ref>Cited in Allen, p.19, although Calvin did lean toward a later dating</ref> attach no great importance to the precise dating.

Nick at 22:49, 13 August 2010

2010-08-13T22:49:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 13 August 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Book of Joel}}		{{Book of Joel}}

	The Book of Joel ~~has three Chapters~~.		The Book of Joel is part of the Hebrew Bible. Joel is part of a group of twelve prophetic books known as the Minor Prophets or simply as The Twelve; the distinction 'minor' indicates the short length of the text in relation to the larger prophetic texts known as the "Major Prophets".

			==Content==
			After a superscription ascribing the prophecy to [[Joel (prophet)\|Joel]] (son of Pethuel), the book may be broken down into the following sections:
			* Lament over a great [[locust]] plague and a severe drought (1:1–2:17)
			** The effects of these events on agriculture, farmers, and on the supply of agricultural offerings for the [[Jerusalem temple]], interspersed with a call to national lament. (1:1–20)
			** A more [[apocalyptic]] passage comparing the locusts to an army, and revealing that they are God’s army. (2:1–11)
			** A call to national repentance in the face of God’s judgment. (2:12–17)
			* Promise of future blessings (2:18–32)
			** Banishment of the locusts and restoration of agricultural productivity as a divine response to national penitence. (2:18–27)
			** Future prophetic gifts to all God’s people, and the safety of God’s people in the face of cosmic cataclysm. (2:28–32)
			* Coming judgment on God’s ([[Israel\|Israel’s]]) enemies and the vindication of Israel. (3:1–21)

			Prominent in Joel is the theme of the [[day of the Lord]]/[[Yahweh]] (1:15, 2;1, 2:11, 2;31, 3:14), which is applied to Joel’s contemporary situation as well as to future blessing and judgment.

			==Historical context==
			[[Image:Joel (Michelangelo).jpg\|right\|thumb\|The Prophet Joel as imagined by [[Michelangelo]] ([[Fresco]], [[Sistine Chapel]] Ceiling, 1508–1512)]]
			As there are no explicit references in the book to datable persons or events, scholars have assigned a wide range of dates to the book. The main positions are:<ref>Outlined by Allen (pp. 19-25), who himself favours the third position.</ref>
			* Ninth century BC, particularly in the reign of [[Joash]] - a position especially popular among nineteenth-century scholars (making Joel one of the earliest [[Literary prophets\|writing prophets]])
			* c.630–587 BC, in the last decades of the kingdom of Judah (contemporary with [[Jeremiah]], [[Ezekiel]], [[Habakkuk]])
			* c.520–500 BC, contemporary with the return of the exiles and the careers of [[Zechariah]] and [[Haggai]].
			* The decades around 400 BC, during the [[Achaemenid Empire\|Persian]] period (making him one of the latest writing prophets)

			Evidence produced for these positions are allusions in the book to the wider world, similarities with other prophets, and linguistic details. Other commentators, such as [[John Calvin]],<ref>Cited in Allen, p.19, although Calvin did lean toward a later dating</ref> attach no great importance to the precise dating.

Nick at 13:02, 21 November 2008

2008-11-21T13:02:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 21 November 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{~~Chapters in the~~ Book of Joel}}		{{Book of Joel}}

	The Book of Joel has three Chapters.		The Book of Joel has three Chapters.