Codex Vaticanus - Revision history

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Description

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	== Description ==		== Description ==
	Originally it was composed of 820 parchment leaves as 71 leaves have been lost.<sup>[]</sup> Currently, it contains 617 leaves in Old Testament and 142 in New Testament. Parchment is fine and thin. The actual size of the pages is {{×\|27\|27\|cm}},<~~ref name = Aland~~/> the original was bigger. The codex is written in three columns per page, 40-44 lines per page (in New Testament always 42), 16-18 letters per line. The letters are small and neat, without ornamentation or capitals.<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>		Originally it was composed of 820 parchment leaves as 71 leaves have been lost.<sup>[]</sup> Currently, it contains 617 leaves in Old Testament and 142 in New Testament. Parchment is fine and thin. The actual size of the pages is {{×\|27\|27\|cm}},<sup>[]</sup> the original was bigger. The codex is written in three columns per page, 40-44 lines per page (in New Testament always 42), 16-18 letters per line. The letters are small and neat, without ornamentation or capitals.<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>

	The manuscript is one of the very few manuscripts and one of the very few Greek manuscripts of the New Testament to be written with three columns per page (the others being [[Codex Vaticanus 2061]], [[Uncial 053]], and [[Minuscule 460]]). Because it was not often used, it has survived to the present day in very good condition. Codex is comprised in a single quarto volume containing 759 thin and delicate vellum leaves.<sup>[]</sup>		The manuscript is one of the very few manuscripts and one of the very few Greek manuscripts of the New Testament to be written with three columns per page (the others being [[Codex Vaticanus 2061]], [[Uncial 053]], and [[Minuscule 460]]). Because it was not often used, it has survived to the present day in very good condition. Codex is comprised in a single quarto volume containing 759 thin and delicate vellum leaves.<sup>[]</sup>

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External links

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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	~~=== Pseudo-Facsimiles ===~~		''' Digitised copy '''
	* [http://~~www~~.csntm.org/~~Manuscripts~~/~~GA%2003~~/ Center for the Study of NT Manuscripts. Codex Vaticanus]		* [http://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.1209 Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209] Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.
	* [http://www.~~biblefacts~~.~~org~~/~~church~~/~~pdf~~/~~Codex%20Vaticanus~~.~~pdf~~ Codex Vaticanus NT] ~~Edition in PDF format~~. ~~16MB download~~
			''' Typographical facsimile (1868) '''
			* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090912002742/http://csntm.org/Manuscript/View/GA_03 Center for the Study of NT Manuscripts. Codex Vaticanus]

			''' Documenta Catholica Omnia '''
			* [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/1001/1005/local_general_index.html Recensio Codice Vaticano] – Documenta Catholica Omnia (2006)
			* [https://archive.org/details/OldTestamentGreeklxxTextCodexVaticanus Old Testament Greek (LXX) Text Codex Vaticanus]. Cambridge University Press 8vols, Brooke McLean 1906-1935.

	=== Articles ===		=== Articles ===
	* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uB Codex Vaticanus at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism]		* [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#uB Codex Vaticanus at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism]
	* [http://www.user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Vaticanus/index.html Universität Bremen] Detailed description of "Codex Vaticanus" with many images and discussion of the "[~~[umlaut]~~]~~s".~~		* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080915143323/http://www.user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Vaticanus/index.html Universität Bremen] Detailed description of "Codex Vaticanus" with many images and discussion of the "umlauts".
			* [http://www.efg-hohenstaufenstr.de/downloads/texte/codex_vaticanus.html Der "Codex Vaticanus" – ("B")] EFG Berlin Hohenstaufenstr (2006)

			[[Category:4th-century biblical manuscripts]]
			[[Category:Great uncial codices\|Vaticanus]]
	[[Category:Greek New Testament uncials\|Vaticanus]]		[[Category:Greek New Testament uncials\|Vaticanus]]
	[[Category:~~Vatican Library~~]]		[[Category:Illuminated biblical manuscripts]]
	[[Category:~~4th-century biblical manuscripts~~]]		[[Category:Manuscripts of the Vatican Library]]
	[[Category:~~Septuaginta~~ manuscripts]]		[[Category:Septuagint manuscripts]]

	{{Donate}}		{{Donate}}

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Verses not in the codex

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	===Verses not in the codex===		===Verses not in the codex===
	The text of the New Testament lacks several passages:		The text of the New Testament lacks several passages:
	: [[Matthew 12:47]]; [[Matthew 16:2b-3\|16:2b-3]]; [[Matthew 17:21]]; [[Matthew\|18:11]]; [[Matthew 23:14]];		: [[Matthew 12:47]]; [[Matthew 16:2b-3\|16:2b-3]]; [[Matthew 17:21]]; [[Matthew 18:11\|18:11]]; [[Matthew 23:14]];
	: [[Mark 7:16]]; [[Mark 9:44\|9:44]].[[Mark 9:46\|46]]; [[Mark\|11:26]]; [[Mark\|15:28]]; [[Mark 16\|Mark 16:9-20]];		: [[Mark 7:16]]; [[Mark 9:44\|9:44]].[[Mark 9:46\|46]]; [[Mark 11:26\|11:26]]; [[Mark 15:28\|15:28]]; [[Mark 16\|Mark 16:9-20]];
	: [[Luke 17:36]], [[Luke 22:43\|22:43]]-[[Luke 22:44\|44]];		: [[Luke 17:36]], [[Luke 22:43\|22:43]]-[[Luke 22:44\|44]];
	: [[John 5:4]], [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery\|John 7:53-8:11]];		: [[John 5:4]], [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery\|John 7:53-8:11]];

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Verses not in the codex

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	: [[Matthew 12:47]]; [[Matthew 16:2b-3\|16:2b-3]]; [[Matthew 17:21]]; [[Matthew\|18:11]]; [[Matthew 23:14]];		: [[Matthew 12:47]]; [[Matthew 16:2b-3\|16:2b-3]]; [[Matthew 17:21]]; [[Matthew\|18:11]]; [[Matthew 23:14]];
	: [[Mark 7:16]]; [[Mark 9:44\|9:44]].[[Mark 9:46\|46]]; [[Mark\|11:26]]; [[Mark\|15:28]]; [[Mark 16\|Mark 16:9-20]];		: [[Mark 7:16]]; [[Mark 9:44\|9:44]].[[Mark 9:46\|46]]; [[Mark\|11:26]]; [[Mark\|15:28]]; [[Mark 16\|Mark 16:9-20]];
	: [[Luke 17:36]], [[Luke\|22:43]]-[[Luke\|22:44\|44]];		: [[Luke 17:36]], [[Luke 22:43\|22:43]]-[[Luke 22:44\|44]];
	: [[John 5:4]], [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery\|John 7:53-8:11]];		: [[John 5:4]], [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery\|John 7:53-8:11]];
	: [[Acts 8:37]]; [[Acts 15:34\|15:34]], [[Acts 24:7\|24:7]]; [[Acts 28:29\|28:29]];		: [[Acts 8:37]]; [[Acts 15:34\|15:34]], [[Acts 24:7\|24:7]]; [[Acts 28:29\|28:29]];

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Lacunae

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Contents

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	: [[Prayer of Manasseh]]		: [[Prayer of Manasseh]]
	: [[Book of Genesis\|Genesis]] 1:1 - 46:28a (31 leaves)		: [[Book of Genesis\|Genesis]] 1:1 - 46:28a (31 leaves)
	: [[Psalms\|Psalm]] 105:27 — 137:6b (20 leaves) are lost and have been filled by a later hand in the 15th century.<sup>[]</sup> [[2 Kings]] 2:5-7.10-13 are also lost due to a tear in one of the pages.<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Psalms\|Psalm]] 105:27 — 137:6b (20 leaves) are lost and have been filled by a later hand in the 15th century.<sup>[10]</sup> [[2 Kings]] 2:5-7.10-13 are also lost due to a tear in one of the pages.<sup>[11]</sup>
	The order of the Old Testament books is as follows: Genesis to [[2 Chronicles]] as normal, [[1 Esdras]], [[Book of Ezra\|2 Esdras]] (Ezra-Nehemiah), the [[Psalms]], [[Book of Proverbs\|Proverbs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Song of Songs]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], [[Book of Wisdom\|Wisdom]], [[Ben Sira\|Ecclesiasticus]], [[Book of Esther\|Esther]], [[Book of Judith\|Judith]], [[Book of Tobit\|Tobit]], the minor prophets from [[Hosea]] to [[Malachi]], [[Book of Isaiah\|Isaiah]], [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]], [[Book of Baruch\|Baruch]], [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] and the [[Epistle of Jeremiah]], [[Book of Ezekiel\|Ezekiel]] and [[Book of Daniel\|Daniel]]. The order of the books differs from that which is followed in [[Codex Alexandrinus]].<sup>[]</sup>		The order of the Old Testament books is as follows: Genesis to [[2 Chronicles]] as normal, [[1 Esdras]], [[Book of Ezra\|2 Esdras]] (Ezra-Nehemiah), the [[Psalms]], [[Book of Proverbs\|Proverbs]], [[Ecclesiastes]], [[Song of Songs]], [[Book of Job\|Job]], [[Book of Wisdom\|Wisdom]], [[Ben Sira\|Ecclesiasticus]], [[Book of Esther\|Esther]], [[Book of Judith\|Judith]], [[Book of Tobit\|Tobit]], the minor prophets from [[Hosea]] to [[Malachi]], [[Book of Isaiah\|Isaiah]], [[Book of Jeremiah\|Jeremiah]], [[Book of Baruch\|Baruch]], [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]] and the [[Epistle of Jeremiah]], [[Book of Ezekiel\|Ezekiel]] and [[Book of Daniel\|Daniel]]. The order of the books differs from that which is followed in [[Codex Alexandrinus]].<sup>[12]</sup>

	The extant [[New Testament]] of Vaticanus contains the [[Gospel]]s, [[Acts of the Apostles\|Acts]], the [[General Epistles]], the [[Pauline Epistles]] and the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] (up to Heb 9:14, καθα[ριει); thus it lacks [[1 Timothy\|1]] and [[2 Timothy]], [[Epistle to Titus\|Titus]], [[Epistle to Philemon\|Philemon]] and [[Revelation]]. These missing leaves were replaced by a 15th century minuscule supplement (folios 760-768), they are catalogued separately as minuscule codex 1957.<sup>[]</sup> Possibly some apocryphal books of New Testament might have been included at the end (like codices Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus), although it is also possible that the Apocalypse was not included.<sup>[]</sup>		The extant [[New Testament]] of Vaticanus contains the [[Gospel]]s, [[Acts of the Apostles\|Acts]], the [[General Epistles]], the [[Pauline Epistles]] and the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] (up to Heb 9:14, καθα[ριει); thus it lacks [[1 Timothy\|1]] and [[2 Timothy]], [[Epistle to Titus\|Titus]], [[Epistle to Philemon\|Philemon]] and [[Revelation]]. These missing leaves were replaced by a 15th century minuscule supplement (folios 760-768), they are catalogued separately as minuscule codex 1957.<sup>[3]</sup> Possibly some apocryphal books of New Testament might have been included at the end (like codices Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus),<sup>[3]</sup> although it is also possible that the Apocalypse was not included.<sup>[13]</sup><sup>[14]</sup>

	=== Lacunae ===		=== Lacunae ===

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	: και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') — omitted as in codices Sinaiticus C L Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop<sup>bo</sup>;<sup>[]</sup>		: και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') — omitted as in codices Sinaiticus C L Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop<sup>bo</sup>;<sup>[]</sup>

	: [[Luke 11:4]] — αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (''but deliver us from evil'') omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: [[Papyrus 75\|~~<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>~~75</sup>]], Sinaiticus, L, ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 vg syr<sup>s</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, arm geo.<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Luke 11:4]] — αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (''but deliver us from evil'') omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 75\|75]]</sup>, Sinaiticus, L, ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 vg syr<sup>s</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, arm geo.<sup>[]</sup>
	: [[Luke 23:34]] — "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts ~~<math>\mathfrak{P}</math>~~<sup>75</sup>, Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>, D*, [[Codex Washingtonianus\|W]], Θ, [[Uncial 0124\|0124]], [[Minuscule 1241\|1241]], [[Codex Vercellensis\|a]], d, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>.<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Luke 23:34]] — "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 75\|75]]</sup>, Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>, D*, [[Codex Washingtonianus\|W]], Θ, [[Uncial 0124\|0124]], [[Minuscule 1241\|1241]], [[Codex Vercellensis\|a]], d, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>.<sup>[]</sup>
	: [[Acts 27:16]] — καυδα (name of island), this reading is supported only by [[Papyrus 74\|~~<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>~~74</sup>]], [[Minuscule 1195\|1175]], Old-Latin verions, Vulgate, and [[Peshitta]].<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Acts 27:16]] — καυδα (name of island), this reading is supported only by [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 74\|74]]</sup>, [[Minuscule 1195\|1175]], Old-Latin verions, Vulgate, and [[Peshitta]].<sup>[]</sup>

	[[Image:Codex Vaticanus end or Luke.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Ending of [[Gospel of Luke\|Luke]] and Beginning of [[Gospel of John\|John]] on the same page]]		[[Image:Codex Vaticanus end or Luke.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Ending of [[Gospel of Luke\|Luke]] and Beginning of [[Gospel of John\|John]] on the same page]]

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	[[Image:Codex Vaticanus B, 2Thess 3,11-18, Hebr 1,1-2,2.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Codex Vaticanus B]]		[[Image:Codex Vaticanus B, 2Thess 3,11-18, Hebr 1,1-2,2.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Codex Vaticanus B]]
	The '''Codex Vaticanus''' ([[Vatican Library\|The Vatican]], [[Vatican Library\|Bibl. Vat.]], Vat. gr. 1209; no. '''B''' or '''03''' [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland\|Gregory-Aland]], δ 1 [[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden\|von Soden]]), is claimed to be one of the oldest extant [[Biblical manuscript\|manuscripts]] of the [[Greek language\|Greek]] Bible (Old and New Testament).<sup>[1]</sup> It is named as one of the four [[Great uncial codices\|great uncial codices]]. The Codex is named for the residence in the [[Vatican Library]] where it has been stored since the 15th century.<sup>[2]</sup> It is written on 759 leaves of [[vellum]] in [[Uncial script\|uncial]] letters, and has been dated [[Palaeography\|palaeographically]] to the 4th century.<sup>[3]</sup>		The '''Codex Vaticanus''' ([[Vatican Library\|The Vatican]], [[Vatican Library\|Bibl. Vat.]], Vat. gr. 1209; no. '''B''' or '''03''' [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland\|Gregory-Aland]], δ 1 [[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden\|von Soden]]), is claimed to be one of the oldest extant [[Biblical manuscript\|manuscripts]] of the [[Greek language\|Greek]] Bible (Old and New Testament).<sup>[1]</sup> It is named as one of the four [[Great uncial codices\|great uncial codices]]. The Codex is named for the residence in the [[Vatican Library]] where it has been stored since the 15th century.<sup>[2]</sup> It is written on 759 leaves of [[vellum]] in [[Uncial script\|uncial]] letters, and has been dated [[Palaeography\|palaeographically]] to the 4th century.<sup>[3]</sup>

			The manuscript became known to Western scholars as a result of correspondence between [[Erasmus]] and the prefects of the Vatican Library. Portions of the codex were collated by several scholars, but numerous errors were made during this process. The codex's relationship to the Latin [[Vulgate]] was unclear and scholars were initially unaware of its value.<sup>[5]</sup> This changed in the 19th century when transcriptions of the full codex were completed.<sup>[1]</sup> It was at that point that scholars realised the text differed significantly from the [[Textus Receptus]].<sup>[6]</sup>

			Most textual critics consider the Codex Vaticanus to be one of the most important Greek witnesses to the Greek text of the [[New Testament]],<sup>[3]</sup> followed by the [[Codex Sinaiticus]]. Until the discovery by [[Constantin von Tischendorf\|Tischendorf]] of Sinaiticus, Vaticanus was unrivaled.<sup>[7]</sup> It was extensively used by [[Brooke Foss Westcott\|Westcott]] and [[Fenton John Anthony Hort\|Hort]] in their edition of ''[[The New Testament in the Original Greek]]'' in 1881.<sup>[3]</sup> The most widely sold editions of the Greek New Testament are largely based on the text of the Codex Vaticanus.<sup>[8]</sup> Codex Vaticanus was regarded as "the oldest extant copy of the Bible" before the discovery of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]].<sup>[9]</sup>

	== Contents ==		== Contents ==
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	* 2. Metzger, Bruce M.; Bart D. Ehrman (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration. New York – Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-19-526122-9.		* 2. Metzger, Bruce M.; Bart D. Ehrman (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration. New York – Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-19-526122-9.
	* 3. Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.		* 3. Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism, trans. Erroll F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
			* 4. "[http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=20003 Liste Handschriften]". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
			* 5. [[Carlo Maria Martini]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=5pZyQmwXhdsC&pg=PA155&lpg La Parola di Dio Alle Origini della Chiesa], (Rome: Bibl. Inst. Pr. 1980), p. 287.
			* 6. [[Samuel Prideaux Tregelles\|S. P. Tregelles]], ''An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures'', London 1856, p. 108.
			* 7. [[Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener\|Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose]] (1875). [https://books.google.com/books?id=vrIqgFRZx7wC&q=pl Six Lectures on the Text of the New Testament and the Ancient Manuscripts]. Cambridge. p. 26. ISBN 9781409708261.
			* 8. K. Aland & B. Aland, Text of the New Testament, pp. 26–30.
			* 9. "[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04086a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Codex Vaticanus]". newadvent.org. Retrieved 3 April 2018.

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==

Nick at 23:18, 24 October 2020

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	[[Image:Codex Vaticanus B, 2Thess 3,11-18, Hebr 1,1-2,2.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Codex Vaticanus B]]		[[Image:Codex Vaticanus B, 2Thess 3,11-18, Hebr 1,1-2,2.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Codex Vaticanus B]]
	The '''Codex Vaticanus''' ([[Vatican Library\|The Vatican]], [[Vatican Library\|Bibl. Vat.]], Vat. gr. 1209; no. '''B''' or '''03''' [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland\|Gregory-Aland]], δ 1 [[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden\|von Soden]]), is one of the oldest extant [[Biblical manuscript\|manuscripts]] of the [[Greek language\|Greek]] Bible (Old and New Testament).<sup>[1]</sup> The Codex is named for the residence in the [[Vatican Library]] where it has been stored since the 15th century.<sup>[2]</sup> It is written on 759 leaves of [[vellum]] in [[Uncial script\|uncial]] letters, and has been dated [[Palaeography\|palaeographically]] to the 4th century.<sup>[3]</sup>		The '''Codex Vaticanus''' ([[Vatican Library\|The Vatican]], [[Vatican Library\|Bibl. Vat.]], Vat. gr. 1209; no. '''B''' or '''03''' [[Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland\|Gregory-Aland]], δ 1 [[Biblical manuscript#Von Soden\|von Soden]]), is claimed to be one of the oldest extant [[Biblical manuscript\|manuscripts]] of the [[Greek language\|Greek]] Bible (Old and New Testament).<sup>[1]</sup> It is named as one of the four [[Great uncial codices\|great uncial codices]]. The Codex is named for the residence in the [[Vatican Library]] where it has been stored since the 15th century.<sup>[2]</sup> It is written on 759 leaves of [[vellum]] in [[Uncial script\|uncial]] letters, and has been dated [[Palaeography\|palaeographically]] to the 4th century.<sup>[3]</sup>

	== Contents ==		== Contents ==

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	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==

	* [[~~Burnett Hillman Streeter~~]], ~~"The Four Gospels~~. A Study ~~of Origins"~~, ~~Oxford 1924~~.		=== Facsimile editions of the codex ===
	* S. ~~Kubo, "P<sup>72</sup>~~ and the Codex Vaticanus~~", ''~~S & D'' XXVII, Salt Lake City~~, 1965~~.
	* C. M. ~~Martini, "~~Il problema della ~~recentionalita~~ del Codice B alla ~~Luce~~ del ~~Papiro~~ Bodmer XIV (~~P<sup>75</sup>~~)", ''Analecta biblica~~'' 26,~~ Roma~~, 1966~~.		* [[Constantin von Tischendorf\|Tischendorf, Constantin von]] (1867). ''[https://archive.org/stream/novumtestamentum00tisc#page/n3/mode/2up Novum Testamentum Vaticanum]''. Lipsiae: [[Giesecke+Devrient\|Giesecke & Devrient]].
	* ~~[[Bruce M~~. ~~Metzger]], "Manuscripts~~ of the Greek ~~Bible: An Introduction to Greek Palaeography", ''Oxford University Press~~'', ~~New York – Oxford 1981~~.		* Vercellonis, Carlo & [[Giuseppe Cozza-Luzi\|Giuseppe Cozza-Luzi]] (1868). ''[https://archive.org/details/CodexVaticanusbFacSimile Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecus Codex Vaticanus]''. Roma.
	* J. Edward ~~Miller, "~~Some Observations on the Text-Critical Function of the Umlauts in Vaticanus, with Special Attention to 1. Corinthians 14.~~34-35",~~ JSNT 26 ~~(2003) 217-236~~ [Miller disagrees with Payne on several points. He notes and uses this website.]		* ''Bibliorum Scriptorum Graecorum Codex Vaticanus 1209.'' Milan. 1904–1907.
	* ~~Curt Niccum~~, ~~"The voice of the MSS on the Silence of the Women:~~ .~~..", NTS 43~~ (~~1997~~)~~, pp. 242–255.~~		* ''Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecorum Codex Vaticanus B.'' Roma: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. 1999.
	* Janko Sagi, "Problema historiae codicis B", Divius Thomas 1972, 3-29.
	* T. C. Skeat, "The Codex Vaticanus in the 15th Century", ''~~JTS'' 35 (1984), pp. 454-465; T. C. Skeat, J. K. Elliott,~~ [http://~~books~~.~~google~~.pl/~~books?id=td_OLXo4RvkC&pg=3#PPA122,M1 ''The collected biblical writings of T.C. Skeat''], Brill 2004, ss. 120-134.~~		=== Textual character of the codex ===
	* Philip B. Payne "Fuldensis, Sigla for Variants in Vaticanus and 1 Cor 14.34-~~5", NTS 41 (1995) 251~~-~~262 [Payne discovered the first umlaut while studying this section~~.]		* [[Herman C. Hoskier\|Hoskier, Herman C.]] (1914). ''Codex B and Its Allies, a Study and an Indictment.'' London, 1–2 volumes.
	* Philip B. Payne and Paul Canart, "The Originality of Text-Critical Symbols in Codex Vaticanus~~", ''~~Novum Testamentum'' Vol. 42, Fasc. 2 ~~(April, 2000)~~, pp. 105–113.		* Kubo, S. (1965). ''P72 and the Codex Vaticanus. S & D'' XXVII. Salt Lake City.
	* Philip B. ~~Payne~~ and Paul Canart~~, "~~The Text-Critical Function of the Umlauts in Vaticanus, with Special Attention to 1 Corinthians 14.~~34-35~~: A Response to J. Edward Miller~~", ''~~JSNT'' ~~27 (2004) 105-112~~ [~~Payne still thinks, contra Miller, that the~~ combination of a bar plus umlaut has a special meaning.]		* Martini, C. M. (1966). ''Il problema della recensionalità del Codice B alla luce del papiro Bodmer XIV (P75).'' Analecta biblica. Roma.
	* ~~Constantin von Tischendorf~~, [~~http~~://~~www~~.archive.org/~~stream~~/~~novumtestamentum00tisc#page~~/n3/~~mode~~/~~2up~~ ''~~Novum Testamentum Vaticanum~~'', ~~Lipsiae 1867~~].		* Voelz, James W. (2005). ''The Greek of Codex Vaticanus in the Second Gospel and Marcan Greek. Novum Testamentum'' 47, 3, pp. 209–249.
	* C. ~~Vercellonis~~, J. ~~Cozza~~, ~~"Bibliorum Sacrorum Graecus Codex Vaticanus"~~, ~~Roma 1868~~.
	* ~~James W~~. ~~Voelz~~, ~~"The Greek~~ of ~~Codex Vaticanus in~~ the ~~Second Gospel and Marcan~~ Greek", ''~~Novum Testamentum~~'' 47 (~~2005~~)~~, 3~~, pp. ~~209–249~~.
			=== Distigmai ===
			* Miller, J. Edward (2003). ''Some Observations on the Text-Critical Function of the Umlauts in Vaticanus, with Special Attention to 1. Corinthians 14.34–35.'' JSNT 26, pp. 217–236 [Miller disagrees with Payne on several points. He notes and uses this website.]
			* Payne, Philip B. and Paul Canart (2000). ''[http://www.linguistsoftware.com/Payne2000NovT-Vaticanus_umlauts_1Cor14_34-35.pdf The Originality of Text-Critical Symbols in Codex Vaticanus] (PDF). Novum Testamentum Vol. 42, Fasc. 2, pp. 105–113.
			* Payne, Philip B. and Paul Canart (2004). ''The Text-Critical Function of the Umlauts in Vaticanus, with Special Attention to 1 Corinthians 14.34–35: A Response to J. Edward Miller. JSNT 27'', pp. 105–112 [The combination of a bar plus umlaut has a special meaning].
			* Amphoux, Christian–B. (2007). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090730142052/http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Vaticanus/Amphoux.pdf Codex Vaticanus B: Les points diacritiques des marges de Marc]'' (PDF). ''Journal of Theological Studies'' vol. 58 (2007), pp. 440–466. Archived from [http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/Vaticanus/Amphoux.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2009-07-30. Retrieved 2010-02-08.

			=== Other ===
			* [[B. H. Streeter\|Streeter, Burnett Hillman]] (1924). ''The Four Gospels. A Study of Origins the Manuscripts Tradition, Sources, Authorship & Dates''. Oxford: MacMillan and Co Limited.
			* [[Bruce M. Metzger\|Metzger, Bruce M.]] (1991). ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Greek Palaeography''. New York – Oxford: Oxford University Press.
			* Sagi, Janko (1872). ''Problema historiae codicis B''. Divius Thomas.

			For more bibliographies see: J. K. Elliott, ''A Bibliography of Greek New Testament Manuscripts'' (Cambridge University Press: 1989), pp. 34–36.

	== External links ==		== External links ==

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	: [[Matthew 12:47]]; [[Matthew 16:2b-3\|16:2b-3]]; [[Matthew 17:21]]; [[Matthew\|18:11]]; [[Matthew 23:14]];		: [[Matthew 12:47]]; [[Matthew 16:2b-3\|16:2b-3]]; [[Matthew 17:21]]; [[Matthew\|18:11]]; [[Matthew 23:14]];
	: [[Mark 7:16]]; [[Mark 9:44\|9:44]].[[Mark 9:46\|46]]; [[Mark\|11:26]]; [[Mark\|15:28]]; [[Mark 16\|Mark 16:9-20]];		: [[Mark 7:16]]; [[Mark 9:44\|9:44]].[[Mark 9:46\|46]]; [[Mark\|11:26]]; [[Mark\|15:28]]; [[Mark 16\|Mark 16:9-20]];
	: [[Luke 17:36]], [[Luke\|22:43]]-[[Luke\|22:44\|44]];		: [[Luke 17:36]], [[Luke 22:43\|22:43]]-[[Luke 22:44\|44]];
	: [[John 5:4]], [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery\|John 7:53-8:11]];		: [[John 5:4]], [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery\|John 7:53-8:11]];
	: [[Acts 8:37]]; [[Acts 15:34\|15:34]], [[Acts 24:7\|24:7]]; [[Acts 28:29\|28:29]];		: [[Acts 8:37]]; [[Acts 15:34\|15:34]], [[Acts 24:7\|24:7]]; [[Acts 28:29\|28:29]];

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	: και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') — omitted as in codices Sinaiticus C L Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop<sup>bo</sup>;<sup>[]</sup>		: και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') — omitted as in codices Sinaiticus C L Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop<sup>bo</sup>;<sup>[]</sup>

	: [[Luke 11:4]] — αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (''but deliver us from evil'') omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: [[Papyrus 75\|~~<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>~~75</sup>]], Sinaiticus, L, ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 vg syr<sup>s</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, arm geo.<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Luke 11:4]] — αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (''but deliver us from evil'') omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 75\|75]]</sup>, Sinaiticus, L, ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 vg syr<sup>s</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, arm geo.<sup>[]</sup>
	: [[Luke 23:34]] — "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts ~~<math>\mathfrak{P}</math>~~<sup>75</sup>, Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>, D*, [[Codex Washingtonianus\|W]], Θ, [[Uncial 0124\|0124]], [[Minuscule 1241\|1241]], [[Codex Vercellensis\|a]], d, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>.<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Luke 23:34]] — "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 75\|75]]</sup>, Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>, D*, [[Codex Washingtonianus\|W]], Θ, [[Uncial 0124\|0124]], [[Minuscule 1241\|1241]], [[Codex Vercellensis\|a]], d, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>.<sup>[]</sup>
	: [[Acts 27:16]] — καυδα (name of island), this reading is supported only by [[Papyrus 74\|~~<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>~~74</sup>]], [[Minuscule 1195\|1175]], Old-Latin verions, Vulgate, and [[Peshitta]].<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Acts 27:16]] — καυδα (name of island), this reading is supported only by [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 74\|74]]</sup>, [[Minuscule 1195\|1175]], Old-Latin verions, Vulgate, and [[Peshitta]].<sup>[]</sup>

	[[Image:Codex Vaticanus end or Luke.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Ending of [[Gospel of Luke\|Luke]] and Beginning of [[Gospel of John\|John]] on the same page]]		[[Image:Codex Vaticanus end or Luke.jpg\|thumb\|right\|220px\|Ending of [[Gospel of Luke\|Luke]] and Beginning of [[Gospel of John\|John]] on the same page]]

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	The extant [[New Testament]] of Vaticanus contains the [[Gospel]]s, [[Acts of the Apostles\|Acts]], the [[General Epistles]], the [[Pauline Epistles]] and the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] (up to Heb 9:14, καθα[ριει); thus it lacks [[1 Timothy\|1]] and [[2 Timothy]], [[Epistle to Titus\|Titus]], [[Epistle to Philemon\|Philemon]] and [[Revelation]]. These missing leaves were replaced by a 15th century minuscule supplement (folios 760-768), they are catalogued separately as minuscule codex 1957.<sup>[3]</sup> Possibly some apocryphal books of New Testament might have been included at the end (like codices Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus),<sup>[3]</sup> although it is also possible that the Apocalypse was not included.<sup>[13]</sup><sup>[14]</sup>		The extant [[New Testament]] of Vaticanus contains the [[Gospel]]s, [[Acts of the Apostles\|Acts]], the [[General Epistles]], the [[Pauline Epistles]] and the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] (up to Heb 9:14, καθα[ριει); thus it lacks [[1 Timothy\|1]] and [[2 Timothy]], [[Epistle to Titus\|Titus]], [[Epistle to Philemon\|Philemon]] and [[Revelation]]. These missing leaves were replaced by a 15th century minuscule supplement (folios 760-768), they are catalogued separately as minuscule codex 1957.<sup>[3]</sup> Possibly some apocryphal books of New Testament might have been included at the end (like codices Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus),<sup>[3]</sup> although it is also possible that the Apocalypse was not included.<sup>[13]</sup><sup>[14]</sup>

	=== ~~Lacunae~~ ===		===Verses not in the codex===
	~~; Omitted verses~~
	The text of the New Testament lacks several passages:		The text of the New Testament lacks several passages:
	: [[Matthew 12:47]]; [[Matthew 16:2b-3\|16:2b-3]]; [[Matthew 17:21]]; [[Matthew\|18:11]]; [[Matthew 23:14]];		: [[Matthew 12:47]]; [[Matthew 16:2b-3\|16:2b-3]]; [[Matthew 17:21]]; [[Matthew\|18:11]]; [[Matthew 23:14]];
	: [[Mark\|7:16]]; 9:44.46; [[Mark\|11:26]]; [[Mark\|15:28]]; [[Mark 16\|Mark 16:9-20]];		: [[Mark 7:16]]; [[Mark 9:44\|9:44]].[[Mark 9:46\|46]]; [[Mark\|11:26]]; [[Mark\|15:28]]; [[Mark 16\|Mark 16:9-20]];
	: [[Luke\|17:36]], [[Luke\|22:43]]-[[Luke\|22:44\|44]];		: [[Luke 17:36]], [[Luke\|22:43]]-[[Luke\|22:44\|44]];
	: [[John\|5:4]], [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery\|John 7:53-8:11]];		: [[John 5:4]], [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery\|John 7:53-8:11]];
	: [[Acts 8:37]]; 15:34, 24:7; 28:29;~~<sup>[]</sup>~~		: [[Acts 8:37]]; [[Acts 15:34\|15:34]], [[Acts 24:7\|24:7]]; [[Acts 28:29\|28:29]];
	: ~~Romans~~ [[Romans 16:24]].		: [[Romans 16:24]].
	[[Image:Mark16-B.JPG\|thumb\|right\|160px\|The end of [[Gospel of Mark\|Mark]] in ''Vaticanus'']]		[[Image:Mark16-B.JPG\|thumb\|right\|160px\|The end of [[Gospel of Mark\|Mark]] in ''Vaticanus'']]
	It does not have the ending of the [[Gospel of Mark]], but the scribe was aware of it (in some manuscripts) and left an empty column after the Gospel of Mark. It is the only empty column in New Testament part of this codex.		It does not have the ending of the [[Gospel of Mark]], but the scribe was aware of it (in some manuscripts) and left an empty column after the Gospel of Mark. It is the only empty column in New Testament part of this codex.

	; Omitted or not included phrases		; Omitted or not included phrases
	: [[Matthew 5:44]] ευλογειτε τους καταρωμενους υμας, καλως ποιειτε τοις μισουσιν υμας (''bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you);~~<sup>[]</sup>~~		: [[Matthew 5:44]] ευλογειτε τους καταρωμενους υμας, καλως ποιειτε τοις μισουσιν υμας (''bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you);
	: Matthew 10:37b και ο φιλων υιον η θυγατερα υπερ εμε ουκ εστιν μου αξιος (''and he who loves son or dauther more than me is not worthy of me'');		: Matthew 10:37b και ο φιλων υιον η θυγατερα υπερ εμε ουκ εστιν μου αξιος (''and he who loves son or dauther more than me is not worthy of me'');
	: [[Matthew 15:6]] η την μητερα (αυτου) (''or (his) mother'');~~<sup>[]</sup>~~		: [[Matthew 15:6]] η την μητερα (αυτου) (''or (his) mother'');
	: [[Matthew 20:23]] και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε (''and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with''), as in codices Sinaiticus, [[Codex Bezae\|D]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)\|L]], [[Codex Dublinensis\|Z]], [[Codex Koridethi\|Θ]], [[Uncial 085\|085]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, it, syr<sup>s, c</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~		: [[Matthew 20:23]] και το βαπτισμα ο εγω βαπτιζομαι βαπτισθησεσθε (''and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with''), as in codices Sinaiticus, [[Codex Bezae\|D]], [[Codex Regius (New Testament)\|L]], [[Codex Dublinensis\|Z]], [[Codex Koridethi\|Θ]], [[Uncial 085\|085]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, it, syr<sup>s, c</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>.
	: [[Mark 10:7]] omitted phrase και προσκολληθησεται προς την γυναικα αυτου (''and be joined to his wife''), as in codices Sinaiticus, [[Codex Athous Lavrensis]], [[Minuscule 892\|892]], [[Lectionary 48\|'''ℓ''' ''48'']], syr<sup>s</sup>, goth.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~		: [[Mark 10:7]] omitted phrase και προσκολληθησεται προς την γυναικα αυτου (''and be joined to his wife''), as in codices Sinaiticus, [[Codex Athous Lavrensis]], [[Minuscule 892\|892]], [[Lectionary 48\|'''ℓ''' ''48'']], syr<sup>s</sup>, goth.
	: [[Mark 10:19]] — phrase μη αποστερησης omitted (as in codices [[Codex Cyprius\|K]], [[Codex Washingtonianus\|W]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis\|Ψ]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, [[Minuscule 28\|28]], [[Minuscule 700\|700]], [[Minuscule 1010\|1010]], 1079, 1242, 1546, 2148, [[Lectionary 10\|'''ℓ''' ''10'']], '''ℓ''' ''950'', '''ℓ''' ''1642'', '''ℓ''' ''1761'', syr<sup>s</sup>, arm, geo) but added by a later corrector (B<sup>2</sup>).~~<sup>[]</sup>~~		: [[Mark 10:19]] — phrase μη αποστερησης omitted (as in codices [[Codex Cyprius\|K]], [[Codex Washingtonianus\|W]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis\|Ψ]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, [[Minuscule 28\|28]], [[Minuscule 700\|700]], [[Minuscule 1010\|1010]], 1079, 1242, 1546, 2148, [[Lectionary 10\|'''ℓ''' ''10'']], '''ℓ''' ''950'', '''ℓ''' ''1642'', '''ℓ''' ''1761'', syr<sup>s</sup>, arm, geo) but added by a later corrector (B<sup>2</sup>).
			:[[Luke 9:55]]-[[Luke 9:56\|56]] και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') — omitted as in codices Sinaiticus C L Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop<sup>bo</sup>;
	[[Luke 9:55]]-[[Luke 9:56\|56]]
	: και ειπεν, Ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε υμεις; ο γαρ υιος του ανθρωπου ουκ ηλθεν ψυχας ανθρωπων απολεσαι αλλα σωσαι (''and He said: "You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives but to save them'') — omitted as in codices Sinaiticus C L Θ Ξ 33 700 892 1241 syr, cop<sup>bo</sup>;~~<sup>[]</sup>~~

	: [[Luke 11:4]] — αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (''but deliver us from evil'') omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 75\|75]]</sup>, Sinaiticus, L, ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 vg syr<sup>s</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, arm geo.<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Luke 11:4]] — αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου (''but deliver us from evil'') omitted. Omission is supported by the manuscripts: [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 75\|75]]</sup>, Sinaiticus, L, ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 vg syr<sup>s</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, arm geo.<sup>[]</sup>
	: [[Luke 23:34]] — "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 75\|75]]</sup>, Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>, D*, [[Codex Washingtonianus\|W]], Θ, [[Uncial 0124\|0124]], [[Minuscule 1241\|1241]], [[Codex Vercellensis\|a]], d, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>.<sup>[]</sup>		: [[Luke 23:34]] — "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts [[Image:C3945eee4633c095c5059f9a67aca5f7.png]]<sup>[[Papyrus 75\|75]]</sup>, Sinaiticus<sup>a</sup>, D*, [[Codex Washingtonianus\|W]], Θ, [[Uncial 0124\|0124]], [[Minuscule 1241\|1241]], [[Codex Vercellensis\|a]], d, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>.<sup>[]</sup>