Early Modern English Bible translations - Revision history

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External Links

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	[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]		[[Category:Bible versions and translations]]
	[[Category:Early Modern English literature]]		[[Category:Early Modern English literature]]

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Nick: /* Footnotes */

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Footnotes

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	==Footnotes==		==Footnotes==
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==

Nick: /* Authorized King James Bible */

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Authorized King James Bible

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	=== Authorized King James Bible ===		=== Authorized King James Bible ===
	~~{{main\|~~Authorized King James Version}}		''See Also [[Authorized King James Version]]''

	The King James Version (KJV), or Authorized Version is an English translation of the Holy Bible, commissioned for the benefit of the [[Church of England]] at the behest of [[James I of England]]. First published in 1611, it has had a profound impact not only on most English translations that have followed it, but also on English literature as a whole.		The King James Version (KJV), or Authorized Version is an English translation of the Holy Bible, commissioned for the benefit of the [[Church of England]] at the behest of [[James I of England]]. First published in [[1611 AD\|1611]], it has had a profound impact not only on most English translations that have followed it, but also on English literature as a whole.

	The [[King James Version]] was first published in 1611 as a complete Bible (Herbert #309) and a New Testament (Herbert #310). Translated by the largest group of translators, around 50, and using the widest range of source texts, it became known as the "Authorized Version" in England and is the most widely used of the Early Modern English Bible translations. Its use has continued in some traditions up to the present. Even though modern scholarship continues to claim problems with some of the translation, it is widely admired for its style and use of language.		The [[King James Version]] was first published in [[1611 AD\|1611]] as a complete Bible (Herbert #309) and a [[New Testament]] (Herbert #310). Translated by the largest group of translators, around 50, and using the widest range of source texts, it became known as the "Authorized Version" in England and is the most widely used of the Early Modern English Bible translations. Its use has continued in some traditions up to the present. Even though modern scholarship continues to claim problems with some of the translation, it is widely admired for its style and use of language.

	The version of the King James Bible found in modern printings is not that of the 1611 edition, but rather an edition extensively modernised in 1769 (to the standards of the mid 18th Century) by Benjamin Blayney for the [[Oxford University Press]].		The version of the King James Bible found in modern printings is not that of the [[1611 AD\|1611]] edition, but rather an edition extensively modernised in [[1769 AD\|1769]] (to the standards of the mid 18th Century) by Benjamin Blayney for the [[Oxford University Press]].

	:A sample of the King James - as updated by Blayney - shows the similarity to modern English:		:A sample of the King James - as updated by Blayney - shows the similarity to modern English:

Nick: /* The Douay-Rheims Version */

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The Douay-Rheims Version

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	=== The Douay-Rheims Version ===		=== The Douay-Rheims Version ===
	~~{{main\|~~Douay-Rheims Bible}}		''See Also [[Douay-Rheims Bible]]''
	The Douai (or Douay) version was the work of English Roman Catholic scholars connected with the [[University of Douai]] in France. The New Testament was issued at [[Rheims]] in 1582, and the Old Testament in 1609, just before the King James version. It is made, not from the Hebrew and the Greek, though it refers to both, but from the [[Vulgate Bible\|Vulgate]]. The result is that the Old Testament of the Douai version is a translation into English from the Latin, which in turn is, mostly, a translation from the Hebrew. Yet scholars are scholars, and it shows some influence of the Genevan version; and, indeed, of other English versions, especially that of Myles Coverdale. Its notes were strongly anti-Protestant, and in its preface it explains its existence by saying that Protestants have been guilty of "casting the holy to dogs and pearls to hogs."		The Douai (or Douay) version was the work of English Roman Catholic scholars connected with the [[University of Douai]] in France. The [[New Testament]] was issued at [[Rheims]] in 1582, and the Old Testament in [[1609 AD\|1609]], just before the [[King James Version\|King James version]]. It is made, not from the [[Hebrew]] and the [[Greek]], though it refers to both, but from the [[Vulgate Bible\|Vulgate]]. The result is that the [[Old Testament]] of the Douai version is a translation into [[English]] from the [[Latin]], which in turn is, mostly, a translation from the [[Hebrew]]. Yet scholars are scholars, and it shows some influence of the Genevan version; and, indeed, of other English versions, especially that of [[Myles Coverdale]]. Its notes were strongly anti-Protestant, and in its preface it explains its existence by saying that Protestants have been guilty of "casting the holy to dogs and pearls to hogs."

	The version's English was not colloquial, but ecclesiastical. In Hebrews 13:17, the version reads, "Obey your prelates and be subject unto them." In Luke 3:3, John came "preaching the baptism of penance." In Psalm xxiii:5, where the King James Version reads, "My cup runneth over," the Douai version reads, "My chalice which inebriateth me, how goodly it is." There is a retention of ecclesiastical terms, and an explanation of the passages on which Protestants tended to differ rather sharply from Roman Catholics, as in the matter of the taking of the cup by the people, and elsewhere.		The version's English was not colloquial, but ecclesiastical. In [[Hebrews 13:17]], the version reads, "Obey your prelates and be subject unto them." In [[Luke 3:3]], John came "preaching the baptism of penance." In Psalm xxiii:5, where the King James Version reads, "My cup runneth over," the Douai version reads, "My chalice which inebriateth me, how goodly it is." There is a retention of ecclesiastical terms, and an explanation of the passages on which Protestants tended to differ rather sharply from Roman Catholics, as in the matter of the taking of the cup by the people, and elsewhere.

	The Douai translation was updated in 1750 by Bishop Challoner and while it continued to be known as the Douai version, many consider it to be equivalent to a separate translation. In various updates, this version remained the standard Catholic English-language Bible until 1941.		The Douai translation was updated in [[1750 AD\|1750]] by [[Bishop Challoner]] and while it continued to be known as the Douai version, many consider it to be equivalent to a separate translation. In various updates, this version remained the standard Catholic English-language Bible until [[1941 AD\|1941]].

	=== Authorized King James Bible ===		=== Authorized King James Bible ===

Nick: /* The Bishops' Bible */

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The Bishops' Bible

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	=== The Bishops' Bible ===		=== The Bishops' Bible ===
	~~{{main\|~~Bishops' Bible}}		''See Also [[Bishops' Bible]]''

	During the reign of [[Elizabeth I of England]] it was found that two versions of the Bible were in common use, the old Great Bible and the new Geneva Bible. There could be no way of gaining approval for the Geneva Bible. For one thing, John Knox had been a party to its preparation; so had Calvin. The Queen and many of the bishops detested them both, especially Knox. For another thing, its notes were not favorable to royal sovereignty. Finally, it had been made in a foreign land, and was under suspicion on that account.		During the reign of [[Elizabeth I of England]] it was found that two versions of the Bible were in common use, the old Great Bible and the new Geneva Bible. There could be no way of gaining approval for the Geneva Bible. For one thing, John Knox had been a party to its preparation; so had Calvin. The Queen and many of the bishops detested them both, especially Knox. For another thing, its notes were not favorable to royal sovereignty. Finally, it had been made in a foreign land, and was under suspicion on that account.

	The result was that Elizabeth's [[archbishop of Canterbury]], [[Matthew Parker]], set out to have another official version made. He selected a revision committee, with instructions to follow closely wherever possible the Great Bible, to avoid contentious notes, and to make such a version that it might be freely, easily, and naturally read. The result is known as the [[Bishops' Bible]]. It was issued in Elizabeth's tenth year (1568), but there is no record that she ever noticed it, though Parker sent her a copy from his sick-bed. Its publication (as complete Bibles) ceased before the first issue of the new official (though not formally "authorized") version, the [[King James Version of the Bible\|King James version]] of 1611.		The result was that Elizabeth's [[archbishop of Canterbury]], [[Matthew Parker]], set out to have another official version made. He selected a revision committee, with instructions to follow closely wherever possible the Great Bible, to avoid contentious notes, and to make such a version that it might be freely, easily, and naturally read. The result is known as the [[Bishops' Bible]]. It was issued in Elizabeth's tenth year ([[1568 AD\|1568]]), but there is no record that she ever noticed it, though Parker sent her a copy from his sick-bed. Its publication (as complete Bibles) ceased before the first issue of the new official (though not formally "authorized") version, the [[King James Version of the Bible\|King James version]] of [[1611 AD\|1611]].

	=== The Douay-Rheims Version ===		=== The Douay-Rheims Version ===

Nick: /* The Geneva Bible */

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The Geneva Bible

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	=== The Geneva Bible ===		=== The Geneva Bible ===
	~~{{main\|~~Geneva Bible}}		''See Also [[Geneva Bible]]''

	[[Mary I of England\|Queen Mary]] sought to restore the [[Church of England]] to allegiance to Rome. The secret use of Protestant translations of the Bible began again, despite official efforts to restore England to Roman Catholic unity. The only Bible translation published during Mary's reign was the "Whittingham New Testament" of 1557 printed in Geneva (Herbert #106). English scholarship was driven into exile, and found its way to [[Frankfurt]] and [[Geneva]] again. There the spirit of scholarship was untrammeled. They found material for scholarly study of the Bible, and there they made and published a new version of the Bible in English, the [[Geneva Bible]]. During Elizabeth's reign sixty editions of it appeared.		[[Mary I of England\|Queen Mary]] sought to restore the [[Church of England]] to allegiance to Rome. The secret use of Protestant translations of the Bible began again, despite official efforts to restore England to Roman Catholic unity. The only Bible translation published during Mary's reign was the "Whittingham New Testament" of [[1557 AD\|1557]] printed in Geneva (Herbert #106). English scholarship was driven into exile, and found its way to [[Frankfurt]] and [[Geneva]] again. There the spirit of scholarship was untrammeled. They found material for scholarly study of the Bible, and there they made and published a new version of the Bible in English, the [[Geneva Bible]]. During Elizabeth's reign sixty editions of it appeared.

	The [[Geneva Bible]] was first published in 1560 (Herbert #107). It made several changes: for one, the Geneva edition was the first to show the division into verses. The chapter division was made three centuries earlier, but the verses belong to the Genevan version, and are meant to make the book suitable for responsive use and for readier reference. They were taken in large part from the work of Stephanus ([[Robert Estienne]] of Paris), who had divided the Greek Testament into verses in 1551, during a journey which he was compelled to make between [[Paris]] and [[Lyon]].		The [[Geneva Bible]] was first published in [[1560 AD\|1560]] (Herbert #107). It made several changes: for one, the Geneva edition was the first to show the division into verses. The chapter division was made three centuries earlier, but the verses belong to the Genevan version, and are meant to make the book suitable for responsive use and for readier reference. They were taken in large part from the work of Stephanus ([[Robert Estienne]] of Paris), who had divided the Greek Testament into verses in [[1551 AD\|1551]], during a journey which he was compelled to make between [[Paris]] and [[Lyon]].

	The Geneva version was printed both in Roman type and in the older typeface, black letter. It had full "notes on hard passages", some of which eventually proved controversial to [[James I of England\|King James]] and were thus a prompt to a new translation; the King James version. The work itself was completed after the accession of Elizabeth, when most of the religious leaders had returned to England from their exile under Mary.		The Geneva version was printed both in Roman type and in the older typeface, black letter. It had full "notes on hard passages", some of which eventually proved controversial to [[James I of England\|King James]] and were thus a prompt to a new translation; the King James version. The work itself was completed after the accession of Elizabeth, when most of the religious leaders had returned to England from their exile under Mary.

Nick: /* The Great Bible: the first "authorized version" */

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The Great Bible: the first "authorized version"

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	===The Great Bible: the first "authorized version"===		===The Great Bible: the first "authorized version"===
	~~{{main\|~~Great Bible}}		''See Also [[Great Bible]]''

	There appeared what is known as the [[Great Bible]] in 1539, also compiled by [[Myles Coverdale]]. The Great Bible was issued to meet a decree that each church should make available in some convenient place the largest possible copy of the whole Bible, where all the parishioners could have access to it and read it at their will.		There appeared what is known as the [[Great Bible]] in [[1539 AD\|1539]], also compiled by [[Myles Coverdale]]. The Great Bible was issued to meet a decree that each church should make available in some convenient place the largest possible copy of the whole Bible, where all the parishioners could have access to it and read it at their will.

	The version gets its name from the size of the volume. That decree dates 1538, twelve years after Tyndale's books were burned, and two years after he was burned. The installation of these great books caused tremendous excitement as crowds gathered everywhere. Bishop Bonner had six copies of the great volume located throughout St. Paul's. The Great Bible appeared in seven editions in two years, and continued in recognized power for thirty years. Much of the present English prayer-book is taken from it.		The version gets its name from the size of the volume. That decree dates [[1538 AD\|1538]], twelve years after Tyndale's books were burned, and two years after he was burned. The installation of these great books caused tremendous excitement as crowds gathered everywhere. Bishop Bonner had six copies of the great volume located throughout St. Paul's. The Great Bible appeared in seven editions in two years, and continued in recognized power for thirty years. Much of the present English prayer-book is taken from it.

	But this liberty was so sudden that the people naturally abused it. [[King Henry VIII]] became vexed because the sacred words "were disputed, rimed, sung, and jangled in every ale-house". King Henry began to put restrictions on the use of the Bible. There were to be no notes or annotations in any versions, and those that existed were to be blacked out. Only the upper classes were to be allowed to possess a Bible. Finally, the year before his death, all versions were again prohibited except the Great Bible, whose cost and size precluded personal use. The decree led to another great burning of Bibles in 1546~~—~~Tyndale, Coverdale, Matthew~~—~~all but the Great Bible. The leading religious reformers took flight and fled to European Protestant towns like Frankfurt and Strassburg.		But this liberty was so sudden that the people naturally abused it. [[King Henry VIII]] became vexed because the sacred words "were disputed, rimed, sung, and jangled in every ale-house". King Henry began to put restrictions on the use of the Bible. There were to be no notes or annotations in any versions, and those that existed were to be blacked out. Only the upper classes were to be allowed to possess a Bible. Finally, the year before his death, all versions were again prohibited except the [[Great Bible]], whose cost and size precluded personal use. The decree led to another great burning of Bibles in [[1546 AD\|1546]], Tyndale, Coverdale, Matthew, all but the [[Great Bible]]. The leading religious reformers took flight and fled to European Protestant towns like Frankfurt and Strassburg.

	Under [[Edward VI of England\|Edward VI]], the regency cast off all restrictions on translation and publication of the Bible; all the suppressed versions were republished. The order for a Great Bible in every church was renewed, and there was to be added to it a copy of Erasmus's paraphrase of the four gospels, in an English translation undertaken in part by [[Mary I of England\|Princess Mary]], the King's Catholic sister. Nearly fifty editions of the Bible, in whole or in part, appeared in those six years. When Mary herself succeeded to the throne in 1553, she maintained her brother's policy of encouraging public reading of the Great Bible and Paraphrases; but versions with overtly Protestant notes were once again liable to be burned.		Under [[Edward VI of England\|Edward VI]], the regency cast off all restrictions on translation and publication of the Bible; all the suppressed versions were republished. The order for a Great Bible in every church was renewed, and there was to be added to it a copy of Erasmus's paraphrase of the four gospels, in an English translation undertaken in part by [[Mary I of England\|Princess Mary]], the King's Catholic sister. Nearly fifty editions of the Bible, in whole or in part, appeared in those six years. When Mary herself succeeded to the throne in [[1553 AD\|1553]], she maintained her brother's policy of encouraging public reading of the Great Bible and Paraphrases; but versions with overtly Protestant notes were once again liable to be burned.

	=== The Geneva Bible ===		=== The Geneva Bible ===

Nick: /* Taverner's Bible */

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Taverner's Bible

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	===Taverner's Bible===		===Taverner's Bible===
	~~{{main\|~~Taverner's Bible}}		See Also [[Taverner's Bible]]

	[[Taverner's Bible]] is a minor revision of Matthew's Bible edited by Richard Taverner and published in 1539.		[[Taverner's Bible]] is a minor revision of Matthew's Bible edited by [[Richard Taverner]] and published in [[1539 AD\|1539]].

	===The Great Bible: the first "authorized version"===		===The Great Bible: the first "authorized version"===

Nick: /* Matthew's Bible */

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Matthew's Bible

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	===Matthew's Bible===		===Matthew's Bible===
	~~{{main\|~~Matthew Bible}}		''See Also [[Matthew Bible]]''

	[[Matthew's Bible]] was produced by John Rogers, working under the pseudonym "Thomas Matthew" for safety, in 1537. It was based on Tyndale's previously published editions with the addition of his unpublished Old Testament material. The remainder used Coverdale's translation. It received the approval of Henry VIII.		[[Matthew's Bible]] was produced by John Rogers, working under the pseudonym "Thomas Matthew" for safety, in [[1537\|1537]]. It was based on Tyndale's previously published editions with the addition of his unpublished Old Testament material. The remainder used Coverdale's translation. It received the approval of Henry VIII.

	===Taverner's Bible===		===Taverner's Bible===

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	* David Daniell, ''The Bible in English'', New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-300-11408-7.		* David Daniell, ''The Bible in English'', New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-300-11408-7.

	]		==External Links==
	* [http://www.studylight.org Studylight.org] Online access to the above and other translations, searchable by phrase or chapter/verse reference		* [http://www.studylight.org Studylight.org] Online access to the above and other translations, searchable by phrase or chapter/verse reference
	* [http://www.douaybible.com/DouayHistory/douayhistory.html History of the Douay Version]		* [http://www.douaybible.com/DouayHistory/douayhistory.html History of the Douay Version]