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Nick: New page: thumb '''Franciscus Junius the Elder''' (born '''François du Jon''', 1 May 1545 – 13 October 1602) was a Reformed scholar and theologian. Born in [[...

2016-09-05T10:41:29Z

New page: thumb '''Franciscus Junius the Elder''' (born '''François du Jon''', 1 May 1545 – 13 October 1602) was a Reformed scholar and theologian. Born in [[...

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[[Image:Francis Junius.PNG|thumb]]
'''Franciscus Junius the Elder''' (born '''François du Jon''', 1 May 1545 – 13 October 1602) was a [[Reformed]] scholar and theologian. Born in [[Bourges]] in central [[France]], he initially studied law, but later decided to study theology in [[Geneva]] under [[John Calvin]] and [[Theodore Beza]]. He became a minister in [[Antwerp]], but was forced to flee to [[Heidelberg]] in 1567. He wrote a translation of the Bible into Latin with [[Emmanuel Tremellius]], and his ''De Vera Theologia'' was a text in [[Reformed scholasticism]].

==Life==
Franciscus Junius was born in [[Bourges]], and beginning at age twelve studied law at the [[University of Bourges|university there]] under [[François Douaren]] and [[Hugues Doneau|Hugo Donellus]].[1] On account of his abilities in Greek and law, he was given the position of aid to the French ambassador at the court of [[Suleiman I]] in [[Constantinople]], but before he reached [[Lyon]], whence he was to travel by boat, the ambassador had departed.[2]

Junius studied for two years at the gymnasium at Lyon, reading Greek and Roman classics. He nearly became an atheist while reading [[Cicero]] and [[Epicurus]], but after reading the first chapter of [[Gospel of John|John]] he was convinced to commit himself to God and he entered the [[French Reformed Church]].[2] He went in 1562 to study at [[Geneva]] under [[John Calvin]] and [[Theodore Beza]], where he was reduced to poverty by the failure of remittances from home, owing to [[French Wars of Religion#1562–70|civil war in France]].[3] He would accept only the barest sustenance from a humble friend who had himself been a protégé of Junius's family at Bourges, and his health was permanently injured. The long-expected remittance from home was closely followed by the news of the brutal murder of his father by a Catholic fanatic at [[Issoudun]]; and Junius resolved to remain at Geneva, where his reputation enabled him to live by teaching. In 1565, however, he was appointed minister of the [[Walloon church]] at [[Antwerp]]. Junius was tasked with making a minor revision to the [[Belgic Confession]], which was first prepared in 1561, and he also distributed it in Geneva in order to build consensus. In 1566, an [[Beeldenstorm|iconoclastic uproar]] ensued in the [[Netherlands]], but Junius did not take part[3]. [[William the Silent]] made an agreement with [[Philip II of Spain]] in 1566 to protect Protestants, but only those who were natives of the [[Low Countries]], placing Junius in danger.[4] Several times he barely escaped arrest, and finally, after spending six months preaching in [[Limburg (Belgium)|Limburg]], he was forced to flee to [[Heidelberg]] in 1567.[5] There he was welcomed by the elector [[Frederick II, Elector Palatine|Frederick II]], and temporarily settled in charge of the Reformed church at [[Schönau (Odenwald)|Schönau]]; but in 1568 his patron sent him as [[chaplain]] with [[William the Silent|Prince William of Orange]] in his unfortunate expedition to the [[Netherlands]]. Junius returned to his church and remained there till 1573.[5]

[[Image:Casimirianum.jpg|thumb|The [[Casimirianum Neustadt]], where Junius taught from 1579–1583]]
From 1573 till 1578 he was at Heidelberg, assisting [[Emmanuel Tremellius]], whose daughter he married, in a distinctively Reformed Latin translation of the Bible, the Tremellius-Junius Bible, which was first published in 1579. It received thirty-three printings between 1579 and 1764 and was very influential on Reformed dogmatics, shaping Protestant theology into the late eighteenth century.[5] The Tremellius-Junius Old Testament was often paired with [[Theodore Beza]]'s translation of the New Testament.[6] Frederick III was succeeded by [[Louis IV, Elector Palatine|Louis IV]], a Lutheran, in 1576, and the Reformed in Heidelberg who refused to sign the [[Formula of Concord]] were forced out. In 1579, German prince and friend of the Reformed [[John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern|John Casimir]] formed the [[Casimirianum Neustadt]]. Junius, along with author of the [[Heidelberg Catechism]] [[Zacharias Ursinus]], was one of the first faculty members. Junius became a friend of Ursinus, and delivered his funeral oration when he died in 1583. In 1583, John Casimir became [[regent]], and Junius was invited back to become professor of theology at the [[University of Heidelberg]].

From the late 1580s to 1592, Junius participated in diplomatic missions for the duke of [[Bouillon]] in France and Germany, which involved meeting personally with the king of France, [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV of Navarre]].[7] In 1592, he was named professor of theology at the [[University of Leiden]]. There he wrote ''De Vera Theologia'', which became a cornerstone of [[Reformed scholastic]] theology, as well as ''De politiae Mosis observatione'' (1593), which addressed the contemporary political implications of the [[Mosaic Law]].[8] In this latter work, Junius analyzes the relationship between church and state and argues against the idea that [[humanism]] and [[scholasticism]] are necessarily antithetical. Junius examines the classification of the Mosaic laws as moral, ceremonial, and judicial, and argues that the ceremonial laws typically contain a "composite rationale from the moral, judicial, and ceremonial law."[9] Upon his death in 1602, Junius was succeeded as chair of theology by [[Jacobus Arminius]].[10]

As to the date of his death, Latin scholar David C. Noe (of [[Calvin College]]) has identified a discrepancy in [[Abraham Kuyper]]'s chronology in volume 1 of the Bibliotheca Reformata, ''D. Francisci Junii Opuscula Theologia Selecta'', that lists October 26 as date of death. However, this is in fact the date when [[Franciscus Gomarus]] delivered the funeral oration at Leiden University. Gomarus notes two different dates for Junius's death: October 13 and October 20.[11] Most research libraries, reference materials, and library catalog authority files list the date of death as October 13.[12][13][14]

Upon his death [[Joseph Justus Scaliger]] wrote this lament:

''Te moerens scola flet suum magistrum'' 
''Orba ecclesia, te suum parentum'' 
''Doctorem gemit orbis universus.''

"For you a wailing school her master mourns, 
An orphan church weeps for you her father, 
And for her doctor groans the whole wide world." tr. David C. Noe, 2014.

==Works==
* 1584 ''Defensio catholicae doctrinae de s. trinitate personarum in unitate essentiae Dei, adversus Samosatenicos errores'' against [[Christian Francken]].[15]
* 1588 ''Sacrorum Parallelorum'', a commentary on each of the Old Testament passages referenced in the New Testament.[16]
* 1593 ''De politiae Mosis observatione'', a work examining the contemporary political implications of the [[Mosaic Law]].[17] A critical edition of this work was recently translated and published by Christian's Library Press as ''The Mosaic Polity'' (2015).

==References==
* 1. Franciscus Junius, [http://www.clpress.com/publications/mosaic-polity ''The Mosaic Polity'']. CLP Academic, 2015, p.xx.
* 2. Rester 2011, p. 237.
* 3. Rester 2011, p. 238.
* 4. Rester 2011, pp. 238–239.
* 5. Rester 2011, p. 239.
* 6. Franciscus Junius, [http://www.clpress.com/publications/mosaic-polity ''The Mosaic Polity'']. CLP Academic, 2015, p.xxiii.
* 7. Franciscus Junius, [http://www.clpress.com/publications/mosaic-polity ''The Mosaic Polity'']. CLP Academic, 2015, p.xxiv.
* 8. Franciscus Junius, [http://www.clpress.com/publications/mosaic-polity ''The Mosaic Polity'']. CLP Academic, 2015, p.xxv.
* 9. Franciscus Junius, [http://www.clpress.com/publications/mosaic-polity ''The Mosaic Polity'']. CLP Academic, 2015, p.xxix.
* 10. Rester 2011, pp. 240–241.
* 11. Noe 2014.
* 12. Haag & La France Protestante vol 5, pp. 711–730.
* 13. CERL.
* 14. BBKL.
* 15. Théodore de Bèze ed. Hippolyte Aubert, Fernand Aubert, Henri Meylan Correspondance de Théodore de Bèze: 1590
* 16. Franciscus Junius, [http://www.clpress.com/publications/mosaic-polity ''The Mosaic Polity'']. CLP Academic, 2015, p.xxiv.
* 17. Franciscus Junius, The Mosaic Polity. CLP Academic, 2015.

==Sources==
* Rester, Todd M. (2011). "Translator's Introduction". Journal of Markets and Morality. 14 (1): 237–241. Archived from the original on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
* Franciscus Junius, [http://www.clpress.com/publications/mosaic-polity ''The Mosaic Polity'']. CLP Academic, 2015.

==External links==
* [http://www.prdl.org/author_view.php?a_id=32 Works by Franciscus Junius] at [[Post-Reformation Digital Library]]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Jon%2C%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20du%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jon%2C%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20d%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jon%2C%20F%2E%20d%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20du%20Jon%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20d%2E%20Jon%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22F%2E%20d%2E%20Jon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20du%20Jon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20d%2E%20Jon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22F%2E%20d%2E%20Jon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22F%2E%20du%20Jon%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jon%2C%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20du%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jon%2C%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20d%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jon%2C%20F%2E%20d%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jon%2C%20F%2E%20du%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20du%20Jon%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20d%2E%20Jon%22%20OR%20title%3A%22F%2E%20d%2E%20Jon%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20du%20Jon%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20d%2E%20Jon%22%20OR%20description%3A%22F%2E%20d%2E%20Jon%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jon%2C%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20du%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jon%2C%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20d%2E%22%20OR%20%22Francois%20du%20Jon%22%20OR%20%22Jon%2C%20Francois%20du%22%20OR%20%22Jon%2C%20Francois%20d%2E%22%20OR%20%22Jon%2C%20F.%20d%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221545-1602%22%20AND%20Jon%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about François du Jon] at Internet Archive
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Junius%2C%20Franciscus%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Franciscus%20Junius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Junius%2C%20Franciscus%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Franciscus%20Junius%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Junius%2C%20F%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Franciscus%20Junius%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Junius%2C%20Franciscus%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Franciscus%20Junius%22%29%20OR%20%28%221545-1602%22%20AND%20Junius%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 Works by or about Franciscus Junius] at Internet Archive
* [http://www.clpress.com/publications/mosaic-polity ''The Mosaic Polity'']

{{DEFAULTSORT:Junius, Franciscus (the Elder)}}
[[Category:1545 births]]
[[Category:1602 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century French writers]]
[[Category:Christian Hebraists]]
[[Category:French Calvinist and Reformed theologians]]
[[Category:Huguenots]]
[[Category:German people of Huguenot descent]]
[[Category:Leiden University faculty]]
[[Category:16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians]]
[[Category:16th-century French theologians]]
[[Category:People from Bourges]]

Franciscus Junius (the elder) - Revision history

Nick: /* External links */

Nick: New page: thumb '''Franciscus Junius the Elder''' (born '''François du Jon''', 1 May 1545 – 13 October 1602) was a Reformed scholar and theologian. Born in [[...