IPA for Russian - Revision history

KJV: Template:Donate

2018-12-28T13:12:21Z

Template:Donate

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:12, 28 December 2018
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	==References==		==References==

			{{Donate}}

	[[Category:Wikipedia IPA]]		[[Category:Wikipedia IPA]]

Nick at 15:33, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T15:33:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:33, 8 January 2011
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	\|align="center" \|<big>ˈ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>ˈ</big>
	\| Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),<br />for example этап <big>[ɪˈtap]</big>		\| Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),<br />for example этап <big>[ɪˈtap]</big>
	>
	\|}		\|}
	\|}		\|}

Nick at 15:33, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T15:33:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:33, 8 January 2011
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	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>ˈ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>ˈ</big>
	\| Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),<br />for example этап [ɪˈtap]</big>		\| Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),<br />for example этап <big>[ɪˈtap]</big>
			>
	\|}		\|}
	\|}		\|}

Nick at 15:31, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T15:31:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:31, 8 January 2011
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	\|align="center" \|<big>ʐ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>ʐ</big>
	\|'''ж'''ест; тя'''ж'''ёлый		\|'''ж'''ест; тя'''ж'''ёлый
	\|align="center" \|<big>~~ʑ\|showsymbol=~~ʑʑ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>ʑʑ</big>
	\|дро'''жж'''и; зае'''зж'''ать<sup>[]</sup>		\|дро'''жж'''и; зае'''зж'''ать<sup>[]</sup>
	\|rou'''g'''e; a'''si'''a		\|rou'''g'''e; a'''si'''a

Nick at 15:30, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T15:30:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 8 January 2011
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	\|align="center" \|<big>ʂ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>ʂ</big>
	\|'''ш'''ирокий; на'''ш'''; хоро'''ш'''ий; му'''ж''';<sup>[]</sup> '''ч'''то		\|'''ш'''ирокий; на'''ш'''; хоро'''ш'''ий; му'''ж''';<sup>[]</sup> '''ч'''то
	\|align="center" \|<big>~~ɕ\|showsymbol=~~ɕɕ		\|align="center" \|<big>ɕɕ</big>
	\|'''щ'''егол; '''сч'''итать; му'''жч'''ина; вра'''щ'''ать <sup>[]</sup>		\|'''щ'''егол; '''сч'''итать; му'''жч'''ина; вра'''щ'''ать <sup>[]</sup>
	\| '''sh'''op; fre'''sh ch'''eese, fi'''sh sh'''ow		\| '''sh'''op; fre'''sh ch'''eese, fi'''sh sh'''ow

Nick at 15:07, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T15:07:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:07, 8 January 2011
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	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>f</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>f</big>
	\|'''ф'''ата; выста'''в'''ка;<~~ref name="voice"~~/> Чехо'''в''';<~~ref name="devoice"~~/> шур'''ф'''		\|'''ф'''ата; выста'''в'''ка;<sup>[]</sup> Чехо'''в''';<sup>[]</sup> шур'''ф'''
	\|align="center" \|<big>fʲ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>fʲ</big>
	\|'''ф'''ея; чер'''вь'''<~~ref name="devoice"~~/>		\|'''ф'''ея; чер'''вь'''<sup>[]</sup>
	\|'''f'''ool; '''f'''ew		\|'''f'''ool; '''f'''ew
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>ɣ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>ɣ</big>
	\|'''Г'''осподь, '''Г'''осподи;<~~ref name="g2"~~>In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections, ‹г› and ‹к› represent [ɣ] and [x], respectively. When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also [[lenitition\|lenited]] (a form of [~~[dissimilation~~]~~]) before plosives in some words.~~</~~ref~~> ''interj.'' а'''г'''а, о'''г'''о<~~ref name="g2"~~/>		\|'''Г'''осподь, '''Г'''осподи;<sup>[]</sup> ''interj.'' а'''г'''а, о'''г'''о<sup>[]</sup>
	\|colspan="2"\|		\|colspan="2"\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|colspan="2"\|		\|colspan="2"\|
	\|align="center" \|<big>j</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>j</big>
	\|'''е'''сть; '''ю'''ла; '''я'''; толсты'''й''' <~~ref~~>~~The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.~~</~~ref~~>		\|'''е'''сть; '''ю'''ла; '''я'''; толсты'''й''' <sup>[]</sup>
	\|'''y'''es, bo'''y'''		\|'''y'''es, bo'''y'''
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>p</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>p</big>
	\|'''п'''ыль; сто'''п'''а; скри'''п'''; зу'''б'''~~<ref name="devoice">Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent~~ <sup>[]</sup>		\|'''п'''ыль; сто'''п'''а; скри'''п'''; зу'''б'''<sup>[]</sup>
	\|align="center" \|<big>pʲ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>pʲ</big>
	\|'''п'''е'''п'''ел; зы'''бь'''<sup>[]</sup>		\|'''п'''е'''п'''ел; зы'''бь'''<sup>[]</sup>
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	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>ʂ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>ʂ</big>
	\|'''ш'''ирокий; на'''ш'''; хоро'''ш'''ий; му'''ж''';<~~ref name="devoice"~~/> '''ч'''то		\|'''ш'''ирокий; на'''ш'''; хоро'''ш'''ий; му'''ж''';<sup>[]</sup> '''ч'''то
	\|align="center" \|<big>ɕ\|showsymbol=ɕɕ		\|align="center" \|<big>ɕ\|showsymbol=ɕɕ
	\|'''щ'''егол; '''сч'''итать; му'''жч'''ина; вра'''щ'''ать <sup>[]</sup>		\|'''щ'''егол; '''сч'''итать; му'''жч'''ина; вра'''щ'''ать <sup>[]</sup>
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	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>t</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>t</big>
	\|'''т'''о'''т'''; чи'''т'''аю; во'''д'''ка;~~<ref name="voice">In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence~~ <sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>		\|'''т'''о'''т'''; чи'''т'''аю; во'''д'''ка;<sup>[]</sup> лё'''д''' <sup>[]</sup>
	\|align="center" \|<big>tʲ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>tʲ</big>
	\|'''т'''ере'''ть'''; ди'''т'''я; гру'''дь'''<sup>[]</sup>		\|'''т'''ере'''ть'''; ди'''т'''я; гру'''дь'''<sup>[]</sup>
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	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>v</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>v</big>
	\|'''в'''аш; да'''в'''ать; е'''г'''о<~~ref name="g"~~>~~Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes~~</~~ref~~>		\|'''в'''аш; да'''в'''ать; е'''г'''о<sup>[]</sup>
	\|align="center" \|<big>vʲ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>vʲ</big>
	\|'''в'''ести; чело'''в'''ек		\|'''в'''ести; чело'''в'''ек
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	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>x</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>x</big>
	\|'''х'''одить; у'''х'''о; Бо'''г'''<~~ref name="g2"~~/>		\|'''х'''одить; у'''х'''о; Бо'''г'''<sup>[]</sup>
	\|align="center" \|<big>xʲ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>xʲ</big>
	\|'''х'''ина; лё'''г'''кий<~~ref name="voice"~~/><~~ref name="g2"/~~>		\|'''х'''ина; лё'''г'''кий<sup>[]</sup><sup>[]</sup>
	~~\|ba'''ch'''; '''h'''uge (for some~~ [~~[IPA chart for English dialects\|dialects]~~]).</~~ref~~>
	\|-		\|-
	\|align="center" \|<big>z</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>z</big>
	\|'''з'''аезжать; я'''з'''ык		\|'''з'''аезжать; я'''з'''ык
	\|align="center" \|<big>zʲ</big>		\|align="center" \|<big>zʲ</big>
	\|'''з'''елёный; о'''з'''еро; про'''сь'''ба;<~~ref name="voice"~~/>		\|'''з'''елёный; о'''з'''еро; про'''сь'''ба;<sup>[]</sup>
	\|'''z'''oo; a'''z'''ure (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects\|dialects]])		\|'''z'''oo; a'''z'''ure (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects\|dialects]])
	\|-		\|-

Nick at 15:03, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T15:03:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 8 January 2011
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	\| valign="top" \|		\| valign="top" \|
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	![[Help:IPA\|IPA]] !! Examples !! [[Help:IPA\|IPA]] !! Examples<~~ref~~>~~Russian makes contrasts between~~ [[palatalization\|palatalized]] ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ ʲ› , are pronounced with the body of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[hard palate]]~~, in a manner similar to the articulation of the ''y'' sound in ''yes''. /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".~~</~~ref~~> !! English equivalents		![[Help:IPA\|IPA]] !! Examples !! [[Help:IPA\|IPA]] !! Examples<sup>[]</sup> !! English equivalents
	\|-		\|-
	! colspan=5\| [[Consonant]]s		! colspan=5\| [[Consonant]]s

Nick at 14:56, 8 January 2011

2011-01-08T14:56:11Z

Show changes

Nick: Protected "IPA for Russian" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2011-01-08T14:50:25Z

Protected "IPA for Russian" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 14:50, 8 January 2011
(No difference)

Nick: New page: The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. ...

2011-01-08T14:50:15Z

New page: The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. ...

New page

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Russian language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See [[Russian phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.

{| style="background: none"
|-----
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
![[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples<ref>Russian makes contrasts between [[palatalization|palatalized]] ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, ‹ {{IPA|ʲ}}› , are pronounced with the body of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[hard palate]], in a manner similar to the articulation of the ''y'' sound in ''yes''. {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/ɕɕ/}}, {{IPA|/tɕ/}}, {{IPA|/ʑʑ/}} are also considered "soft".</ref> !! English equivalents
|-
! colspan=5| [[Consonant]]s
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
|'''б'''ок; не'''б'''о
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|bʲ}}</big>
|'''б'''елый; воро'''б'''ей
|'''b'''oot; '''b'''eautiful
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
|'''д'''ом; де'''д'''а
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|dʲ}}</big>
|'''д'''елает; Вла'''д'''имир
|'''d'''o; '''d'''ew (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
|'''ф'''ата; выста'''в'''ка;<ref name="voice"/> Чехо'''в''';<ref name="devoice"/> шур'''ф'''
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|fʲ}}</big>
|'''ф'''ея; чер'''вь'''<ref name="devoice"/>
|'''f'''ool; '''f'''ew
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
|'''г'''оворю; дру'''г'''ой
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ɡʲ}}</big>
|'''г'''ербарий; но'''г'''и
|'''g'''oo; a'''g'''ue
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
|'''Г'''осподь, '''Г'''осподи;<ref name="g2">In some religious words such as Бог and Господь, as well as interjections, ‹г› and ‹к› represent {{IPA|[ɣ]}} and {{IPA|[x]}}, respectively. When {{IPA|/ɡ/}} loses its voicing, it is also [[lenitition|lenited]] (a form of [[dissimilation]]) before plosives in some words.</ref> ''interj.'' а'''г'''а, о'''г'''о<ref name="g2"/>
|colspan="2"|
|-
|colspan="2"|
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|'''е'''сть; '''ю'''ла; '''я'''; толсты'''й''' <ref>The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a {{IPA|/j/}} plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the {{IPA|/j/}} may be deleted.</ref>
|'''y'''es, bo'''y'''
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|'''к'''ость; '''к'''нига; ру'''к'''а; бо'''к'''
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|kʲ}}</big>
|'''к'''ишки; корот'''к'''ий
|'''c'''ool; '''c'''ute
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|'''л'''уна; сту'''л'''а ; ство'''л'''<ref> {{IPA|/l/}} is often strongly [[pharyngealization|pharyngealized]] but this feature is nondistinctive {{Harvcol|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=187-188}}.</ref>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|lʲ}}</big>
|'''л'''ес; ко'''л'''ено; мыс'''ль'''
|pi'''ll'''; '''l'''east
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|'''м'''ыло; ду'''м'''ать; та'''м'''
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|mʲ}}</big>
|'''м'''ясо; до'''м'''е
|'''m'''oot; '''m'''ute
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|'''н'''ос; о'''н'''
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|nʲ}}</big>
|'''н'''ёс; о'''н'''и; коре'''нь'''
|'''n'''oon; '''n'''ewt (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
|'''п'''ыль; сто'''п'''а; скри'''п'''; зу'''б'''<ref name="devoice">Voiced obstruents ({{IPA|/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/}}, and {{IPA|/ʑʑ/}}) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent {{Harvcol|Halle|1959|p=22}}.</ref>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|pʲ}}</big>
|'''п'''е'''п'''ел; зы'''бь'''<ref name="devoice"/>
|'''p'''ool; '''p'''ew
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
|'''р'''ыба; ши'''р'''окий; о'''р'''ла; жи'''р'''
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|rʲ}}</big>
|'''р'''ека; четы'''р'''е; т'''р'''и; зве'''рь'''
|[[alveolar trill|trilled r]], like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|'''с'''обака; пи'''с'''ать; но'''с'''; гла'''з'''<ref name="devoice"/>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|sʲ}}</big>
|'''с'''иний; зде'''сь'''; е'''с'''ть; гры'''з'''ть<ref name="voice"/>
|'''s'''oup; '''s'''uper (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big>
|'''ш'''ирокий; на'''ш'''; хоро'''ш'''ий; му'''ж''';<ref name="devoice"/> '''ч'''то
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɕ|showsymbol=ɕɕ}}
|'''щ'''егол; '''сч'''итать; му'''жч'''ина; вра'''щ'''ать <ref name="щ">While some speakers pronounce words with <щ> as {{IPA|[ɕɕ]}} and some as {{IPA|[ɕtɕ]}}, none contrast the two pronunciations, even in words where this sound is spelled with other letters.</ref>
| '''sh'''op; fre'''sh ch'''eese, fi'''sh sh'''ow
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
|'''т'''о'''т'''; чи'''т'''аю; во'''д'''ка;<ref name="voice">In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence {{Harvcol|Halle|1959|p=31}}</ref> лё'''д'''<ref name="devoice"/>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|tʲ}}</big>
|'''т'''ере'''ть'''; ди'''т'''я; гру'''дь'''<ref name="devoice"/>
|'''t'''ool; '''t'''une (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡s}}</big>
|'''ц'''ель; пти'''ц'''а; оте'''ц'''
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ɕ}}</big>
|'''ч'''ай; пе'''ч'''ень; те'''ч'''ь
|'''ts'''unami, ca'''ts'''; '''ch'''ip
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
|'''в'''аш; да'''в'''ать; е'''г'''о<ref name="g">Intervocalic <г> can represent {{IPA|/v/}} in certain words and affixes</ref>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|vʲ}}</big>
|'''в'''ести; чело'''в'''ек
|'''v'''oodoo; '''v'''iew
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
|'''х'''одить; у'''х'''о; Бо'''г'''<ref name="g2"/>
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|xʲ}}</big>
|'''х'''ина; лё'''г'''кий<ref name="voice"/><ref name="g2"/>
|ba'''ch'''; '''h'''uge (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]]).</ref>
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
|'''з'''аезжать; я'''з'''ык
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|zʲ}}</big>
|'''з'''елёный; о'''з'''еро; про'''сь'''ба;<ref name="voice"/>
|'''z'''oo; a'''z'''ure (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʐ}}</big>
|'''ж'''ест; тя'''ж'''ёлый
|align="center" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʑ|showsymbol=ʑʑ}}</big>
|дро'''жж'''и; зае'''зж'''ать<ref>The phoneme {{IPA|/ʑʑ/}} is in many dialects is replaced with {{IPA|/ʐ/}}.</ref>
|rou'''g'''e; a'''si'''a
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]]
! Examples
! English equivalent
|-
!colspan=3|Stressed [[vowel]]s
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|a}}</big>
|трав'''а́'''
|t'''o'''n
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|æ}}</big>
|п'''я'''ть
|p'''a'''t
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɑ}}</big>
|п'''а́'''лка <ref> {{IPA|[ɑ]}} appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and {{IPA|/l/}}</ref>
|p'''a'''lm
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
|п'''е'''нь
|p'''a'''y
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
|ж'''е'''ст
|m'''e'''t
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
|с'''и́'''него
|m'''ee'''t
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
|т'''ы'''
|ros'''e'''s (for some [[IPA chart for English dialects|dialects]])
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
|'''о́'''блако
|ch'''o'''re
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɵ}}</big>
|т'''ё'''тя
|audi'''o'''
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>
|п'''у́'''ля
|m'''oo'''n
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʉ}}</big>
|ч'''у'''ть
|ch'''oo'''se
|-
!colspan=3|[[Vowel reduction in Russian|Unstressed vowels]]
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɐ}}</big>
|п'''а'''ро́м; с'''оо'''бража́ть; ст'''о'''па́
|b'''u'''d
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
|ко́ж'''а'''; ше́'''я'''; облак'''о'''
|'''a'''bout
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɪ}}</big>
|т'''я'''жёлый; '''э'''та́п; ч'''е'''ты́ре
|b'''i'''t
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
|д'''ы'''ша́ть; ж'''е'''на́; го́д'''ы'''
|d'''i'''nner
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʉ}}</big>
|'''ю'''ти́ться
|'''you'''th
|-
|align="center"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʊ}}</big>
|м'''у'''жчи́на
|p'''u'''t
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation
|-
! IPA !! Explanation
|-
|align="center" |<big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big>
| Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),<br />for example этап {{IPA|[ɪˈtap]}}</big>
|}
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Russian phonology]]
*[[Wikipedia:Romanization of Russian]]

==References==

[[Category:Wikipedia IPA]]