Nick: /* See also */

2023-12-22T02:02:04Z

Nick: /* Old Testament */

2023-10-28T08:04:14Z

Old Testament

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:04, 28 October 2023
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	ἐγώ εἰμι also occurs without an explicit or implicit predicate nominative in the [[Septuagint]], but instead either with a prepositional phrase such as in "μὴ ἀντὶ θεοῦ ἐγώ εἰμι ..." ("Am I in place of God ...") [[Genesis 30:2]], or with a predicative clause such as in "πάροικος καὶ παρεπίδημος ἐγώ εἰμι μεθ' ὑμῶν" ("As a foreigner and a sojourner I am with you") in [[Genesis 23:4]], or with the idiomatic meaning 'It is I' such as in "καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωαβ ἀκούω ἐγώ εἰμι" ("And Joab said: I hear; it is I.") in [[2 Samuel 20:17]].		ἐγώ εἰμι also occurs without an explicit or implicit predicate nominative in the [[Septuagint]], but instead either with a prepositional phrase such as in "μὴ ἀντὶ θεοῦ ἐγώ εἰμι ..." ("Am I in place of God ...") [[Genesis 30:2]], or with a predicative clause such as in "πάροικος καὶ παρεπίδημος ἐγώ εἰμι μεθ' ὑμῶν" ("As a foreigner and a sojourner I am with you") in [[Genesis 23:4]], or with the idiomatic meaning 'It is I' such as in "καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωαβ ἀκούω ἐγώ εἰμι" ("And Joab said: I hear; it is I.") in [[2 Samuel 20:17]].

	It has been suggested that the unique expression of the [[Tetragrammaton]] יהוה (YHWH) is a verbal cognate noun derived from היה (hayah), the Hebrew copulative otherwise known as the verb 'to be'. Translations often render this word in compliance with the tradition of the Septuagint, "Lord". Later it has been pointed with the vowels of the word ''[[Elohim]]'' and transcribed as "Jehovah". Finally the Tetragrammaton was vocalized as ''Yahweh''. But often found in apposition, if not in [[construct state]] (there is no way of telling) with ''elohim'', it suggests "the being" or the "I AM" of God.		It has been suggested that the unique expression of the [[Tetragrammaton]] יהוה (YHWH) is a verbal cognate noun derived from היה (hayah), the Hebrew copulative otherwise known as the verb 'to be'. Translations often render this word in compliance with the tradition of the Septuagint, "Lord".

	== In Christian philosophy ==		== In Christian philosophy ==

Nick: New page: The Koine Greek term Ego eimi (Ἐγώ εἰμί, eɣó imí), literally ''''I am'''' or ''''It is I'''', is an emphatic form of the copulative verb εἰμι that is recorded ...

2023-10-28T08:02:00Z

New page: The Koine Greek term Ego eimi (Ἐγώ εἰμί, eɣó imí), literally ''''I am'''' or ''''It is I'''', is an emphatic form of the copulative verb εἰμι that is recorded ...

New page

The [[Koine Greek]] term [[Ego eimi]] (Ἐγώ εἰμί, eɣó imí), literally ''''I am'''' or ''''It is I'''', is an emphatic form of the [[copulative verb]] εἰμι that is recorded in the [[Gospels]] to have been spoken by [[Jesus]] on several occasions to refer to himself not with the role of a verb but playing the role of a name, in the [[Gospel of John]] occurring seven times with specific titles. It is connected to the passage in Exodus 3:14 in which God gives his name as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה, translated most basically as "I am that I am" or "I shall be what I am". In the Hebrew Bible ([[Exodus 3:14]]), it is the personal name of God, revealed directly to Moses. These usages have been the subject of significant [[Christology|Christological]] analysis.

==New Testament==
In the [[New Testament]], the personal pronoun ἐγώ in conjunction with the present first-person singular [[Copulative verb|copulative]] εἰμι is recorded to have been used mainly by Jesus, especially in the [[Gospel of John]].

It is used in the Gospel of John both with and without a [[predicate nominative]]. The seven occurrences with a predicate nominative that have resulted in some of the [[Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament|titles for Jesus]] are:

* I am the [[Bread of Life Discourse|Bread of Life]] ([[John 6:35]])
* I am the [[Light of the World]] ([[John 8:12]])
* I am the Door ([[John 10:9]])
* I am the [[Good Shepherd]] ([[John 10:11]],14)
* I am the Resurrection and the Life ([[John 11:25]])
* I am the Way and the Truth and the Life ([[John 14:6]])
* I am [[the Vine]] ([[John 15:1]],5)

===Without predicate nominative===
"I am" is also used without a predicate nominative, which is not very common in [[Koine Greek]], thus it is generally interpreted as a self-declaration by Jesus, identifying himself as God. In [[John 8:24]] Jesus states: "For unless you believe that I am, you will die in your sins", and later the crowd attempts to [[stoning|stone]] Jesus in response to his statement in [[John 8:58]]: "Before Abraham was, I am". Many other translations, including the [[American Standard Version]], have rendered [[John 8:24]] as something like "For unless you believe that I am [He], you will die in your sins". Some consider the phrase in [[John 8:58]] to be grammatically different from that in [[John 8:24]], as the copulative verb can be used [[Predicative expression#Further predicative expressions|with any predicative expression]] and not only a predicate nominative, such as in "ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ καὶ ὑμεῖς ἦτε" ("where I am, you also may be") in [[John 14:3]]. "πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι" ("before Abraham was") can be taken as a predicative prepositional phrase, thus "ἐγώ εἰμὶ" ("I am") in [[John 8:58]] does not grammatically require a predicate nominative, however it is rather unusual for a present tense verb to be used with a temporal adverb like πρὶν in a [[Declarative sentence#By purpose|declarative statement]], though there are rare exceptions outside the New Testament. Thus explanations of [[John 8:58]] generally depend on [[theology]] and not Greek grammar.

===With predicate nominative===

There are other times the phrase is used in the New Testament, but with a predicate nominative and/or adjectives in between ἐγώ and εἰμι: a [[centurion]] in [[Matt 8:9]] and [[Luke 7:8]], [[Zechariah (priest)|Zechariah]] in [[Luke 1:18]], [[Gabriel]] in [[Luke 1:19]], [[healing the blind at birth|a man blind from birth]] in [[John 9:9]] who is healed by Jesus and told to go wash in the [[Pool of Siloam]], [[Saint Peter|Peter]] in [[Acts 10:21]] and [[Acts 10:26]], [[Paul the Apostle]] in [[Acts 22:3]], [[Acts 23:6]], [[Acts 26:29]], [[Romans 7:14]], [[Romans 11:1]], [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Romans#11:13|Romans 11:13]], [[1 Corinthians 15:9]] and [[1 Timothy 1:15]], some Corinthian believer in [[1 Corinthians 1:12]] and [[1 Corinthians 3:4]], [[John the Baptist]] in the negative (οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, 'I am not') in [[John 3:28]] and [[Acts 13:25]] (compare with Jesus in John 8:23, 17:14,16), and [[Pontius Pilate|Pilate]] in a question (Μήτι ἐγὼ Ἰουδαῖός εἰμι, 'Am I [a] Jew?') in [[John 18:35]].

==Old Testament==
ἐγώ εἰμι also occurs without an explicit or implicit predicate nominative in the [[Septuagint]], but instead either with a prepositional phrase such as in "μὴ ἀντὶ θεοῦ ἐγώ εἰμι ..." ("Am I in place of God ...") [[Genesis 30:2]], or with a predicative clause such as in "πάροικος καὶ παρεπίδημος ἐγώ εἰμι μεθ' ὑμῶν" ("As a foreigner and a sojourner I am with you") in [[Genesis 23:4]], or with the idiomatic meaning 'It is I' such as in "καὶ εἶπεν Ἰωαβ ἀκούω ἐγώ εἰμι" ("And Joab said: I hear; it is I.") in [[2 Samuel 20:17]].

It has been suggested that the unique expression of the [[Tetragrammaton]] יהוה (YHWH) is a verbal cognate noun derived from היה (hayah), the Hebrew copulative otherwise known as the verb 'to be'. Translations often render this word in compliance with the tradition of the Septuagint, "Lord". Later it has been pointed with the vowels of the word ''[[Elohim]]'' and transcribed as "Jehovah". Finally the Tetragrammaton was vocalized as ''Yahweh''. But often found in apposition, if not in [[construct state]] (there is no way of telling) with ''elohim'', it suggests "the being" or the "I AM" of God.

== In Christian philosophy ==
The philosopher [[Joseph de Torre]], commenting on the philosophical implications of "I am" as the name of God, wrote:

:[[Aristotle]] conceived God as the First Mover but outside the world, because of his defective concept of "act", which is more physical than metaphysical. What [[Thomas Aquinas|St. Thomas]] did was to take this concept and raise it to a [[Metaphysics|metaphysical]] plane, and then he combined it with [[Plato]]'s concept of "participation". But he did all this under the guiding light of the faith, since it is the Bible that describes God as HE WHO IS (Exodus, 3): he saw that God {{em|is}} the fullness of being, the very Act of Being, the perfection of being, the subsistent act of being; and everything else is a participation in the act of being, which must be created by God "out of nothing", since God cannot share His infinite act of being.

==See also==
* [[I AM (book)]]
* [[I Am that I Am]]
* [[Ego eimi]]
* [[Holy Name of Jesus]]
* [[Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament]]

==References==

[[Category:Christian terminology]]
[[Category:Gospel of John]]
[[Category:Language and mysticism]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 02:02, 22 December 2023
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	* [[Holy Name of Jesus]]		* [[Holy Name of Jesus]]
	* [[Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament]]		* [[Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament]]
			* [[Revelation 1:4]]
			* [[Revelation 1:8]]
			* [[Revelation 4:8]]
			* [[Revelation 11:17]]
			* [[Revelation 16:5]]

	==References==		==References==

I am (biblical term) - Revision history

Nick: /* See also */

Nick: /* Old Testament */

Nick: New page: The Koine Greek term Ego eimi (Ἐγώ εἰμί, eɣó imí), literally ''''I am'''' or ''''It is I'''', is an emphatic form of the copulative verb εἰμι that is recorded ...