Japhetic - Revision history

KJV: Template:Donate

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Template:Donate

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	* [http://www.sbl.org/biblestudies/biblejourney/dictionary/isbe/j/japheth.htm International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Japheth]		* [http://www.sbl.org/biblestudies/biblejourney/dictionary/isbe/j/japheth.htm International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Japheth]
	* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=154&letter=J&search=japheth Japheth] in the [[Jewish Encyclopedia]]		* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=154&letter=J&search=japheth Japheth] in the [[Jewish Encyclopedia]]

			{{Donate}}

	[[Category:Indo-European]]		[[Category:Indo-European]]

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removed Template:Quote and used colon instead

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	The Medieval [[The Georgian Chronicles\|Georgian sources]] also mention that the [[Georgians]], ([[Kartvelian peoples]]) their kings and their ancestors came from the land known as the [[Arian-Kartli]].		The Medieval [[The Georgian Chronicles\|Georgian sources]] also mention that the [[Georgians]], ([[Kartvelian peoples]]) their kings and their ancestors came from the land known as the [[Arian-Kartli]].

	~~{{quote\|~~"We, Georgians, are descendants of the newcomers from Arian-Kartli, we speak their language and all the kings of Kartli are descendents of their kings".<ref>Giorgi L. Kavtaradze. [http://www.geocities.com/komblege/thracian.htm ''The Interrelationship between the Transcaucasian and Anatolian Populations by the Data of the Greek and Latin Literary Sources''.] The Thracian World at the Crossroads of Civilisations. Reports and Summaries. The 7th International Congress of Thracology. P. Roman (ed.). Bucharest: the Romanian Institute of Thracology, 1996.</ref>}}		:"We, Georgians, are descendants of the newcomers from Arian-Kartli, we speak their language and all the kings of Kartli are descendents of their kings".<ref>Giorgi L. Kavtaradze. [http://www.geocities.com/komblege/thracian.htm ''The Interrelationship between the Transcaucasian and Anatolian Populations by the Data of the Greek and Latin Literary Sources''.] The Thracian World at the Crossroads of Civilisations. Reports and Summaries. The 7th International Congress of Thracology. P. Roman (ed.). Bucharest: the Romanian Institute of Thracology, 1996.</ref>

	However, in the 20th century, certain agencies went to extraordinary lengths to assert the sole acceptance of the Soviet hypothesis that the Aryan peoples had entered the Iranian plateau from the Northeast, ie. from the opposite direction as Mount Ararat, despite a lack of any hard evidence for this conjecture. The result is that the Zoroastrian traditions of having originated in the Northwest of Iran and spreading out from there, have rarely been mentioned in post-Soviet scholarship.		However, in the 20th century, certain agencies went to extraordinary lengths to assert the sole acceptance of the Soviet hypothesis that the Aryan peoples had entered the Iranian plateau from the Northeast, ie. from the opposite direction as Mount Ararat, despite a lack of any hard evidence for this conjecture. The result is that the Zoroastrian traditions of having originated in the Northwest of Iran and spreading out from there, have rarely been mentioned in post-Soviet scholarship.

Nick: /* External links */

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External links

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	* [http://www.sbl.org/biblestudies/biblejourney/dictionary/isbe/j/japheth.htm International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Japheth]		* [http://www.sbl.org/biblestudies/biblejourney/dictionary/isbe/j/japheth.htm International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Japheth]
	* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=154&letter=J&search=japheth Japheth] in the [[Jewish Encyclopedia]]		* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=154&letter=J&search=japheth Japheth] in the [[Jewish Encyclopedia]]
	~~{{Sons of Noah}}~~

	[[Category:Indo-European]]		[[Category:Indo-European]]

Nick: /* Linguistics */

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Linguistics

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	==Linguistics==		==Linguistics==
	~~{{main\|~~Japhetic language~~\|Japhetic theory}}~~		''See also [[Japhetic language]]''
	The term Japhetic was also applied by [[William Jones]], [[Rasmus C. Rask]] and other pre-[[Darwinian]] [[Linguistics\|linguists]] to what later became known as the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] language group, on the assumption that the principal languages of Europe would have originated with the tribe of Japheth.		The term Japhetic was also applied by [[William Jones]], [[Rasmus C. Rask]] and other pre-[[Darwinian]] [[Linguistics\|linguists]] to what later became known as the [[Indo-European languages\|Indo-European]] language group, on the assumption that the principal languages of Europe would have originated with the tribe of Japheth.

Nick: /* Japhetic and Caucasian */

2009-09-06T06:50:40Z

Japhetic and Caucasian

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	==Japhetic and Caucasian==		==Japhetic and Caucasian==
	~~{{main\|~~Caucasian race}}		See Caucasian race
	The term [[Caucasian race\|Caucasian]] as a racial label for Europeans derives in part from the assumption that the tribe of Japheth developed its distinctive racial characteristics in the Caucasus area, having migrated there from [[Mount Ararat]] before populating Europe. In the same vein, [[Georgia (country)\|Georgia]]n nationalist histories associated Japheth's sons with certain ancient tribes of the Caucasus area, called [[Tubal]]s ([[Tabal]]s, ''Tibarenoi'' in Greek) and [[Meshech]]s (Meshekhs/Mosokhs, ''Moschoi'' in Greek), who they claimed represented ancient pre-[[Pre-Indo-European\|Indo-European]] and non-Semitic, possibly "Proto-[[Caucasian Iberia\|Iberian]]", tribes of [[Asia Minor]] of the [[3rd millennium BC\|3rd]]-[[1st millennium BC\|1st millennias BC]]. This theory influenced the use of the term Japhetic in the linguistic theories of [[Nikolai Marr]] (see below).		The term [[Caucasian race\|Caucasian]] as a racial label for Europeans derives in part from the assumption that the tribe of Japheth developed its distinctive racial characteristics in the Caucasus area, having migrated there from [[Mount Ararat]] before populating Europe. In the same vein, [[Georgia (country)\|Georgia]]n nationalist histories associated Japheth's sons with certain ancient tribes of the Caucasus area, called [[Tubal]]s ([[Tabal]]s, ''Tibarenoi'' in Greek) and [[Meshech]]s (Meshekhs/Mosokhs, ''Moschoi'' in Greek), who they claimed represented ancient pre-[[Pre-Indo-European\|Indo-European]] and non-Semitic, possibly "Proto-[[Caucasian Iberia\|Iberian]]", tribes of [[Asia Minor]] of the [[3rd millennium BC\|3rd]]-[[1st millennium BC\|1st millennias BC]]. This theory influenced the use of the term Japhetic in the linguistic theories of [[Nikolai Marr]] (see below).

Nick: Protected "Japhetic" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2009-09-06T06:49:43Z

Protected "Japhetic" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

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(No difference)

Nick: /* References */

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References

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	==References==		==References==
	~~{{reflist}}~~
	== See also ==		== See also ==

Nick: New page: '''Japhetic''' is a term that refers to the supposed descendants of Japheth, one of the three sons of Noah in the Bible. It corresponds to Semitic (descendants of Shem)...

2009-05-30T09:27:33Z

New page: '''Japhetic''' is a term that refers to the supposed descendants of Japheth, one of the three sons of Noah in the Bible. It corresponds to Semitic (descendants of Shem)...

New page

'''Japhetic''' is a term that refers to the supposed descendants of [[Japheth]], one of the three [[sons of Noah]] in the [[Bible]]. It corresponds to [[Semitic]] (descendants of [[Shem]]) and [[Hamitic]] (descendants of [[Ham, son of Noah|Ham]]). Variations of the term include '''Japhetite''' and '''Japhethitic'''.

==Japhetic geography and race==

[[Image:T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472.jpg|thumb|A stylised [[T and O map]], depicting Europe as the home of the descendants of Japheth (bottom left). Africa is ascribed to Ham and Asia to Shem.]]

Traditionally, Japheth has been believed to be the progenitor of the peoples of Europe. Thus "Japhetic" came to be used as a synonym for Europeans. In [[medieval]] Europe, the world was believed to have been divided into three large-scale racial groupings. In addition to the Japhetic peoples of Europe, the Semitic peoples were equated with all Asians, and Hamitic peoples with Africans.

The link between Japheth and the Europeans is reflected in ''[[Genesis]]'' 10:5, which states that the sons of Japheth moved to the "isles of the [[Gentile]]s" — commonly believed to be the [[Greece|Greek]] isles, while others claim them to be the [[British Isles]].

In the Bible, Japheth is ascribed seven sons and seven grandsons:

* [[Gomer (Bible)|Gomer]]
** [[Ashkenaz]]
** [[Riphath]]
** [[Togarmah]]
* [[Magog (Bible)|Magog]]
* [[Madai]]
* [[Javan]]
** [[Elishah]]
** [[Tarshish]]
** [[Kittim]]
** [[Dodanim]]
* [[Tubal]]
* [[Meshech]]
* [[Tiras]]

The intended ethnic identity of these 'descendants of Japheth' is not certain; however, over history, they have been identified by Biblical scholars with various historical nations who were deemed to be descendants of Japheth and his sons — a practice dating back at least to the classical encounters of Jew with [[Hellene]], for example in [[Josephus]]'s ''Antiquities of the Jews'', I.VI.122 ([http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+1.122 Whiston]). Josephus wrote:
:Japhet, the son of Noah, had seven sons: they inhabited so, that, beginning at the mountains Taurus and Amanus, they proceeded along Asia, as far as the river Tanais (Don), and along Europe to Cadiz; and settling themselves on the lands which they light upon, which none had inhabited before, they called the nations by their own names.

Josephus subsequently detailed the nations supposed to have descended from the seven sons of Japheth.

According to the ''[[Zend Avesta]]'' and sacred texts of the [[Zoroastrian]] faith, the [[Aryan]] race had their earliest homeland in a legendary place called "''[[Airyanem Vaejah]]''". This has traditionally been associated with [[Arran (Azerbaijan)|Arran]] and the valley of the [[Araxes]] river, which rises next to [[Mount Ararat]] (eg., in the ''[[Bundahishn]]'' 29:12).

The Medieval [[The Georgian Chronicles|Georgian sources]] also mention that the [[Georgians]], ([[Kartvelian peoples]]) their kings and their ancestors came from the land known as the [[Arian-Kartli]].

{{quote|"We, Georgians, are descendants of the newcomers from Arian-Kartli, we speak their language and all the kings of Kartli are descendents of their kings".<ref>Giorgi L. Kavtaradze. [http://www.geocities.com/komblege/thracian.htm ''The Interrelationship between the Transcaucasian and Anatolian Populations by the Data of the Greek and Latin Literary Sources''.] The Thracian World at the Crossroads of Civilisations. Reports and Summaries. The 7th International Congress of Thracology. P. Roman (ed.). Bucharest: the Romanian Institute of Thracology, 1996.</ref>}}

However, in the 20th century, certain agencies went to extraordinary lengths to assert the sole acceptance of the Soviet hypothesis that the Aryan peoples had entered the Iranian plateau from the Northeast, ie. from the opposite direction as Mount Ararat, despite a lack of any hard evidence for this conjecture. The result is that the Zoroastrian traditions of having originated in the Northwest of Iran and spreading out from there, have rarely been mentioned in post-Soviet scholarship.

Among the nations that various later writers (including [[Jerome]] and [[Isidore of Seville]], as well as other traditional accounts) have attempted to assign to them, are as follows:

* [[Gomer]]: [[Scythians]], [[Armenians]], [[Welsh people|Welsh]], [[Picts]], [[Irish people|Irish]], [[German people|Germans]] (Teutons), [[Turkic peoples|Turks]];
* [[Magog (Bible)|Magog]]: Scythians, [[Slavs]], [[Magyars]] ([[Hungarians]]), [[Irish people|Irish]];
* [[Madai]]: [[Mitanni]], [[Mannai]], [[Mede]]s, more generally [[Persian people|Persian]]s, or even more generally [[Indo-Aryans]];
* [[Javan]]: [[Ionia]]ns ([[Greeks]])
* [[Tubal]]: [[Tabal]]i, [[Georgians]], [[Italic]]s, [[Iberians]], [[Basque people|Basques]];
*[[Meshech]]: [[Phrygian]]s, [[Meskheti]], [[Moschoi]], [[Illyrians]];
* [[Tiras]]: [[Thracians]], [[Etruscans]], [[Goths]], [[Jutes]], [[Teuton]]s (Germans).

==Extrabiblical genealogies==
===Pseudo-Philo===
An ancient, relatively obscure text known as [[Pseudo-Philo]] and thought to have been originally written ca. 70 AD, contains an expanded genealogy that is seemingly garbled from that of Genesis, and also quite different from the much later one found in Jasher<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/bap/bap20.htm Pseudo-Philo]</ref>:

*Sons of Japheth: "Gomer, Magog, and Madai, Nidiazech, Tubal, Mocteras, Cenez, Riphath, and Thogorma, Elisa, Dessin, Cethin, Tudant."
**Sons of Gomer: Thelez, Lud, Deberlet.
**Sons of Magog: Cesse, Thipha, Pharuta, Ammiel, Phimei, Goloza, Samanach.
**Sons of Duden: Sallus, Phelucta Phallita.
**Sons of Tubal: Phanatonova, Eteva.
**Sons of Tyras: Maac, Tabel, Ballana, Samplameac, Elaz.
**Sons of Mellech: Amboradat, Urach, Bosara.
**Sons of <<As>>cenez: Jubal, Zaraddana, Anac.
**Sons of Heri: Phuddet, Doad, Dephadzeat, Enoc.
**Sons of Togorma: Abiud, Saphath, Asapli, Zepthir.
**Sons of Elisa: Etzaac, Zenez, Mastisa, Rira.
**Sons of Zepti: Macziel, Temna, Aela, Phinon.
**Sons of Tessis: Meccul, Loon, Zelataban.
**Sons of Duodennin: Itheb, Beath, Phenech.

===Jasher===
{{Confusing|date=February 2009}}
The "[[Sefer haYashar (midrash)|Book of Jasher]]", a [[midrash]] first published in 1625, provides some new names for Japheth's grandchildren not seen in the Bible or any other source. More complete genealogies reconstructed on this basis{{Clarify me|date=February 2009}} include:

====Gomer lineage====
[[Gomer]] "complete" (sons were [[Ashkenaz (Bible)|Ashkenaz]], [[Riphath]] and [[Togarmah]]<ref>{{Jasher|7:3}}</ref>) - also ''Gamir, Gommer, Gomeri, Gomeria, Gomery, Goth, Guth, Gutar, Götar, Gadelas, Galic, Gallic, Galicia, Galica, Galatia, Gael, Getae, Galatae, Galatoi, Gaul, Galls, Goar, Celt, Celtae, Celticae, Kelt, Keltoi, Gimmer, Gimmerai, Gimirra, Gimirrai, Gimirraya, Kimmer, Kimmeroi, Kimirraa, Kumri, Umbri, Cimmer, Cimmeria, Cimbri, Cimbris, Crimea, Chomari, Cymric, Cymry, Cymru, Cymbry, Cumber''

In Western tradition Gomer lineage is associated with [[Caledonians]], [[Picts]], [[Milesians]], [[Umbrians]], [[Helvetians]], [[Celts]], [[Galatia]]ns, [[Ostrogoths]], [[Visigoths]], [[Goths]], [[Vandals]], [[Scandinavians]], [[Jutes]], [[Teutons]], [[Franks]], [[Burgundians]], [[Alemanni]], [[Armenians]], [[German People|Germans]], [[Belgians]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]], [[Luxembourgers]], [[Liechtenstein]]ers, [[Austrians]], [[Swiss]], [[Angles]], [[Saxons]], [[Britons (historic)|Britons]], [[English people|English]], [[Cornish people|Cornish]], [[Irish People|Irish]], [[Welsh People|Welsh]], [[Scottish People|Scottish]], and other related groups);

In alternate Caucasian and Asiatic genealogies Gomer is also ancestor of [[Turkish people|Turks]], [[Bulgars]], [[Tartars]], [[Cossacks]], [[Circassians]], [[Bashkirs]], [[Chuvashes]], [[Khazars]], [[Azerbaijanis]], [[Kazakhs]], [[Turkmen]], [[Uzbeks]], [[Tajiks]], [[Kyrgyz]], [[Phrygians]], Bithynians, [[Carpathian Mountains|Carpathians]], and [[Paphlagonians]].

====Magog lineage====
[[Magog (Bible)|Magog]] "land of God" (sons were Elichanaf and Lubal<ref>{{Jasher|7:4}}</ref>) - also ''Gog, Gogh, Magug, Magogae, Mugogh, Mat Gugi, Gugu, Gyges, Bedwig, Moghef, Magogian, Massagetae, Dacae, Sacae, Scyth, Scythi, Scythia, Scythae, Sythia, Scythes, Skuthai, Skythai, Scythia, Skythia, Scynthia, Scynthius, Sclaveni, Samartian, Scoloti, Skodiai, Scotti, Skoloti, Skoth-ai, Skoth, Skuthes, Skuth-a, Askuza, Askuasa, Alani, Alans, Alanic, Ulan, Uhlan also Rasapu, Rashu, Rukhs, Rukhs-As, Rhos, Ros, Rosh, Rox, Roxolani, Rhoxolani, Ruskolan, Rosichi, Rhossi, Rusichi, Rus, Ruska, Rossiya, Russian'' ([[Russians]], [[Belarusians]], [[Ukrainians]]); also ''Mas-ar, Mas-gar, Masgar, Mazar, Madj, Madjar, Makr-on, Makar, Makaroi, Merkar, Magor, Magar, Magyar, Mohgur'' ([[Hungarians]] - also ''Hungar, Hunugur, Hurri, Gurri, Onogur, Ugor, Ungar, Uhor, Venger''); [[Siberia]]ns, [[Yugoslavians]], [[Croatians]], [[Bosnians]], [[Montenegrins]], [[Serbs|Serbians]], [[Slovenians]], [[Slovakians]], [[Bulgarians]], [[Poles]], [[Czechs]], and other related groups);

Also [[Turkish people|Turks]], [[Hungarians]], [[Huns]], [[Voguls]], [[Finns]], [[Lapps]], [[Estonians]], [[Mordvins]], [[Karelians]], Komi-Zyrians, [[Udmurts]], [[Izhorians]], [[Livonians]], and Siberians.

====Madai lineage====
[[Madai]] "middle land" (sons were Achon, Zeelo, Chazoni and Lot) - [[Medes]], [[Persians]], [[Caspians]], Achaemenians, Manneans, Iranians, Afghans, Hazaras.
====Javan lineage====
[[Javan]] "miry" (sons were [[Elishah]], [[Tarshish]], [[Kittim]] and [[Dodanim]]<ref>{{Jasher|7:6}}</ref>) - also ''Jevanim, Iewanim, Iawan, Iawon, Iamanu, Iones, Ionians, Ellas, Ellines, El-li-ness, Hellas, Hellenes, Yavan, Yavanas, Yawan, Yuban, Yauna, Uinivu, Xuthus'' ([[Greeks]], [[Fomorians]], [[Sparta]]ns, [[Dorians]], [[Britons (historic)|Britons]], [[Aeolians]], [[Achaeans]], [[Myceneans]], [[Ancient Macedonians]], [[Carthaginians]], [[Cypriots]], [[Cretans]], [[Basques]], [[Latins]], [[Adriatic Veneti|Venetians]], [[Sicanians]], [[Ancient Rome|Romans]], [[Sicily|Sicilians]], [[Italian People|Italians]], [[Spanish People|Spaniards]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], and other related groups);

Also [[Anatolians]], [[Cilicians]], [[Greeks]], [[Ionians]], [[Tartessians]], [[Cypriots]], [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]], and the aboriginal inhabitants of the British Isles such as the [[Irish Travellers]].

====Tubal lineage====
[[Tubal]] "brought" (sons were Ariphi, Kesed and Taari<ref>{{Jasher|7:7}}</ref>) - also ''Tabal, Tabali, Tubalu, [[T'bilisi]], Tibarenoi, Tibareni, Tibar, Tibor, Sabir, Sapir, Sabarda, Subar, Subartu, Thobal, Thobel, Tobol, [[Tobolsk]]'' ([[Russians]], [[Georgians]], [[Dagestan]]is, [[Chechens]],[[Albanians]], and other related groups);

Also [[Avars]], [[Basques]], [[Colchians]].

====Meshech lineage====
[[Meshech]] "drawing out" (sons were Dedon, Zaron and Shebashni<ref>{{Jasher|7:8}}</ref>) - ''Me'shech, Mes'ek, Meshekh, Meskhi, Mushch, Muschki, Mushki, Mishi, Muski, Mushku, Musku, Muskeva, Muska, Muskaa, Muskai, Maskali, Machar, Maskouci, Mazakha, Mazaca, Massagatae, Mtskhetos, Modar-es, Moskhi, Moshkhi, Mosher, Moshch, Moschis, Mosoch, Moschi, Moschian, Mo'skhoi, Moschoi, Mosochenu, Mosochean, Mossynes, Mosynoeci, Moskva, Moscovy, [[Moscow]]'' ([[Russians]], [[Muscovites]], [[Latvians]], [[Lithuanians]], [[Romanians]], and other related groups);

Also [[Moschi]], [[Sarmatians]], [[Alans]], [[Ossetians]], [[Georgians]], and [[Cappadocians]].

====Tiras lineage====
[[Tiras]] "desire" (sons were Benib, Gera, Lupirion and Gilak<ref>{{Jasher|7:9}}</ref>) - also ''Tiracian, Thracian, Thirasian, Thuras, Troas, Tros, Troia, Troi, Troy, Trajan, Trojan, Taunrus, Tyrsen, Tyrrhena, Rasenna, Tursha, Tusci, [[Tuscany]], [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]], Eturscan'' ([[Thracians]], [[Pelasgians]], [[Phrygians]], [[Leleges]] and [[Etruscans]].

==Japhetic and Caucasian==
{{main|Caucasian race}}
The term [[Caucasian race|Caucasian]] as a racial label for Europeans derives in part from the assumption that the tribe of Japheth developed its distinctive racial characteristics in the Caucasus area, having migrated there from [[Mount Ararat]] before populating Europe. In the same vein, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]n nationalist histories associated Japheth's sons with certain ancient tribes of the Caucasus area, called [[Tubal]]s ([[Tabal]]s, ''Tibarenoi'' in Greek) and [[Meshech]]s (Meshekhs/Mosokhs, ''Moschoi'' in Greek), who they claimed represented ancient pre-[[Pre-Indo-European|Indo-European]] and non-Semitic, possibly "Proto-[[Caucasian Iberia|Iberian]]", tribes of [[Asia Minor]] of the [[3rd millennium BC|3rd]]-[[1st millennium BC|1st millennias BC]]. This theory influenced the use of the term Japhetic in the linguistic theories of [[Nikolai Marr]] (see below).

During the eighteenth and nineteenth century the Biblical statement that "God shall enlarge Japheth" (Genesis 9:27) was used by some Christians as a justification for the "enlargement" of European territories through [[Imperialism]], which was interpreted as part of God's plan for the world. The subjugation of Africans was likewise justified by the [[curse of Ham]].

==Linguistics==
{{main|Japhetic language|Japhetic theory}}
The term Japhetic was also applied by [[William Jones]], [[Rasmus C. Rask]] and other pre-[[Darwinian]] [[Linguistics|linguists]] to what later became known as the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] language group, on the assumption that the principal languages of Europe would have originated with the tribe of Japheth.

In a conflicting sense, it was also used by the [[Soviet]] linguist [[Nikolai Marr]] in his [[Japhetic theory (linguistics)|Japhetic theory]], which was intended to demonstrate that the languages of the Caucasus formed part of a once-widespread pre-Indo-European language group, and also to apply Marxist notions of [[class consciousness]] and [[class struggle]] to language.

==References==
{{reflist}}
== See also ==

* [[Japheth]]
* [[Whites]]
* [[Japhetic theory (linguistics)|Japhetic theory]]
* [[Confusion of tongues]]
* [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]]
* [[Aryan]]
* [[Gog and Magog]]
* [[Hephthalite]]s
* [[Indo-Scythians]]
* [[Tower of Babel]]
* [[Garden of Eden]]

== External links ==
* [http://pursiful.com/chronology/gen_noah.html Descendants of Noah]
* [http://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/ebd/T0001900.html#T0001970 Easton Bible dictionary about Japheth]
* [http://www.biblestudytools.net/Dictionaries/SmithsBibleDictionary/smt.cgi?number=T2252 Smith's Bible Dictionary about Japheth]
* [http://www.sbl.org/biblestudies/biblejourney/dictionary/isbe/j/japheth.htm International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Japheth]
* [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=154&letter=J&search=japheth Japheth] in the [[Jewish Encyclopedia]]
{{Sons of Noah}}

[[Category:Indo-European]]
[[Category:Judeo-Christian topics]]
[[Category:Race (historical definitions)]]
[[Category:Japhetic|*]]