Qumran - Revision history

Nick at 11:47, 15 February 2025

2025-02-15T11:47:19Z

Beza 1598 at 03:33, 9 March 2016

2016-03-09T03:33:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:33, 9 March 2016
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	[[Image:Dead Sea Scrolls Map.jpg\|thumb\|120px\|Location of Qumran]]		[[Image:Dead Sea Scrolls Map.jpg\|thumb\|120px\|Location of Qumran]]
	'''Qumran''' (خربة قمران, חירבת קומראן, ''Khirbet Qumran'') is located on a dry [[plateau]] about a mile inland from the northwestern shore of the [[Dead Sea]] in the [[West Bank]], just next to the [[Israel]]i [[kibbutz]] of [[Kalia, West Bank\|Kalia]]. The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed likely sometime during the reign of [[John Hyrcanus]], 134-104 BCE or in decades later, and was occupied for most of the years until it was destroyed by the Romans in 68 CE or shortly after. It is best known as the settlement nearest to the hiding place of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] in the [[Qumran Caves\|caves]] of the sheer [[desert]] cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace.		'''Qumran''' (خربة قمران, חירבת קומראן, ''Khirbet Qumran'') is located on a dry [[plateau]] about a mile inland from the northwestern shore of the [[Dead Sea]] in the [[West Bank]], just next to the [[Israel]]i [[kibbutz]] of [[Kalia, West Bank\|Kalia]]. The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed likely sometime during the reign of [[John Hyrcanus]], 134-104 BCE or in decades later, and was occupied for most of the years until it was destroyed by the Romans in 68 CE or shortly after. It is best known as the settlement nearest to the hiding place of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] in the [[Qumran Caves\|caves]] of the sheer [[desert]] cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace.
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	[[Category:Former settlements in south west Asia]]		[[Category:Former settlements in south west Asia]]
	[[Category:Visitor attractions in Israeli occupied territories]]		[[Category:Visitor attractions in Israeli occupied territories]]

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Nick: Reverted edits by Ecovawe (Talk) to last version by Nick

2010-11-18T07:10:16Z

Reverted edits by Ecovawe (Talk) to last version by Nick

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Ecovawe at 06:59, 18 November 2010

2010-11-18T06:59:29Z

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Nick: Protected "Qumran" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

2010-06-16T11:17:10Z

Protected "Qumran" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed]

← Older revision	Revision as of 11:17, 16 June 2010
(No difference)

Nick at 11:16, 16 June 2010

2010-06-16T11:16:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, 16 June 2010
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	~~{{Coord\|31\|44\|27\|N\|35\|27\|31\|E\|display=title}}~~
	[[Image:Dead Sea Scrolls Map.jpg\|thumb\|120px\|Location of Qumran]]		[[Image:Dead Sea Scrolls Map.jpg\|thumb\|120px\|Location of Qumran]]
	'''Qumran''' (~~{{lang-ar\|~~خربة قمران}}, ~~{{lang-he\|~~חירבת קומראן}}, ''Khirbet Qumran'') is located on a dry [[plateau]] about a mile inland from the northwestern shore of the [[Dead Sea]] in the [[West Bank]], just next to the [[Israel]]i [[kibbutz]] of [[Kalia, West Bank\|Kalia]]. The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed likely sometime during the reign of [[John Hyrcanus]], 134-104 BCE or in decades later, and was occupied for most of the years until it was destroyed by the Romans in 68 CE or shortly after. It is best known as the settlement nearest to the hiding place of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] in the [[Qumran Caves\|caves]] of the sheer [[desert]] cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace.		'''Qumran''' (خربة قمران, חירבת קומראן, ''Khirbet Qumran'') is located on a dry [[plateau]] about a mile inland from the northwestern shore of the [[Dead Sea]] in the [[West Bank]], just next to the [[Israel]]i [[kibbutz]] of [[Kalia, West Bank\|Kalia]]. The Hellenistic period settlement was constructed likely sometime during the reign of [[John Hyrcanus]], 134-104 BCE or in decades later, and was occupied for most of the years until it was destroyed by the Romans in 68 CE or shortly after. It is best known as the settlement nearest to the hiding place of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] in the [[Qumran Caves\|caves]] of the sheer [[desert]] cliffs and beneath, in the marl terrace.

	Since the discovery from 1947 to 1956 of nearly 900 [[scroll]]s in various conditions, mostly written on [[parchment]], with others on papyrus, extensive excavations of the settlement have been undertaken. Cisterns, [[Jew]]ish ritual baths, and [[cemetery\|cemeteries]] have been found, along with a dining or assembly room and debris from an upper story alleged by some to have been a [[scriptorium]] as well as pottery kilns and a tower.		Since the discovery from 1947 to 1956 of nearly 900 [[scroll]]s in various conditions, mostly written on [[parchment]], with others on papyrus, extensive excavations of the settlement have been undertaken. Cisterns, [[Jew]]ish ritual baths, and [[cemetery\|cemeteries]] have been found, along with a dining or assembly room and debris from an upper story alleged by some to have been a [[scriptorium]] as well as pottery kilns and a tower.
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	==Discovery and excavation==		==Discovery and excavation==
	~~{{Main\|~~Dead Sea Scrolls}}		See Also [[Dead Sea Scrolls]]

	[[Image:Qumran Caves.jpg\|thumb\|180px\|left\|Caves at Qumran]]		[[Image:Qumran Caves.jpg\|thumb\|180px\|left\|Caves at Qumran]]
	The site of Khirbet Qumran had been known to European explorers since the Nineteenth Century<ref>J. E. Taylor, "Khirbet Qumran in the Nineteenth Century and the Name of the Site." Pp. 144–164. Cansdale 2000, especially p.633 regarding F. de Saulcy.</ref>. The initial attention of the early explorers was focused on the cemetery, beginning with de Saulcy in 1851. In fact, the first excavations at Qumran (prior to the development of modern methodology) were of burials in the cemetery, conducted by Henry Poole in 1855 followed by [[Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau\|Charles Clermont-Ganneau]] in 1873<ref>B. Schultz, "The Qumran Cemetery: 150 Years of Research." Pp. 194-196</ref>. Full-scale work at the site began after [[Roland de Vaux]] and G. Lankester Harding in 1949 excavated what became known as Cave 1, the first scroll-bearing cave. A cursory surface survey that year produced nothing of interest,<ref>Trever 1965, p.147.</ref> but continued interest in the scrolls led to a more substantial analysis of the ruins at Qumran in 1951, an analysis which yielded traces of pottery closely related to that found in Cave 1.<ref>Trever. ibid.</ref> This discovery led to intensive excavations at the site over a period of six seasons under the direction of de Vaux.		The site of Khirbet Qumran had been known to European explorers since the Nineteenth Century<ref>J. E. Taylor, "Khirbet Qumran in the Nineteenth Century and the Name of the Site." Pp. 144–164. Cansdale 2000, especially p.633 regarding F. de Saulcy.</ref>. The initial attention of the early explorers was focused on the cemetery, beginning with de Saulcy in 1851. In fact, the first excavations at Qumran (prior to the development of modern methodology) were of burials in the cemetery, conducted by Henry Poole in 1855 followed by [[Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau\|Charles Clermont-Ganneau]] in 1873<ref>B. Schultz, "The Qumran Cemetery: 150 Years of Research." Pp. 194-196</ref>. Full-scale work at the site began after [[Roland de Vaux]] and G. Lankester Harding in 1949 excavated what became known as Cave 1, the first scroll-bearing cave. A cursory surface survey that year produced nothing of interest,<ref>Trever 1965, p.147.</ref> but continued interest in the scrolls led to a more substantial analysis of the ruins at Qumran in 1951, an analysis which yielded traces of pottery closely related to that found in Cave 1.<ref>Trever. ibid.</ref> This discovery led to intensive excavations at the site over a period of six seasons under the direction of de Vaux.
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	==Debating the Qumran-Essene Hypothesis==		==Debating the Qumran-Essene Hypothesis==
	~~{{cleanup-section\|\|date=November 2009}}~~
	===Earlier issues===		===Earlier issues===
	[[Image:1QIsa b.jpg\|thumb\|220px\|Dead Sea Scroll - part of Isaiah Scroll (Isa 57:17 - 59:9), 1QIsa<sup>b</sup>]]		[[Image:1QIsa b.jpg\|thumb\|220px\|Dead Sea Scroll - part of Isaiah Scroll (Isa 57:17 - 59:9), 1QIsa<sup>b</sup>]]
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	==Notes==		==Notes==
	~~{{reflist\|3}}~~

	== References ==		== References ==
	~~{{refbegin\|2}}~~
	* '''Bar-Adon''', Pesach, “The Hasmonean Fortresses and the Status of Khirbet Qumran,” ''Eretz Israel'' 15 (1981): 349-52.		* '''Bar-Adon''', Pesach, “The Hasmonean Fortresses and the Status of Khirbet Qumran,” ''Eretz Israel'' 15 (1981): 349-52.
	* '''Bar-Nathan''', Rachel, "Qumran and the Hasmonaean and Herodian Winter Palaces of Jericho", in ''The Site of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Archaeological Interpretations and Debates'', (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah, Vol. 57), ed. by Katharina Galor, Jean-Baptiste Humbert, and Jurgen Zangenberg, (Leiden: Brill, 2006), 263-277.		* '''Bar-Nathan''', Rachel, "Qumran and the Hasmonaean and Herodian Winter Palaces of Jericho", in ''The Site of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Archaeological Interpretations and Debates'', (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah, Vol. 57), ed. by Katharina Galor, Jean-Baptiste Humbert, and Jurgen Zangenberg, (Leiden: Brill, 2006), 263-277.
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	* '''Wise''', Michael O., Golb, Norman, Collins, John J., and Pardee, Dennis G., ''Methods of Investigation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran Site: Present Realities and Future Prospects'', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 722 (New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1994)		* '''Wise''', Michael O., Golb, Norman, Collins, John J., and Pardee, Dennis G., ''Methods of Investigation of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Khirbet Qumran Site: Present Realities and Future Prospects'', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 722 (New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1994)
	* '''Yellin''', J., Broshi, M. and Eshel, H., “Pottery of Qumran and Ein Ghuweir: The First Chemical Exploration of Provenience,” ''Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research'' 321 (2001) 65-78.		* '''Yellin''', J., Broshi, M. and Eshel, H., “Pottery of Qumran and Ein Ghuweir: The First Chemical Exploration of Provenience,” ''Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research'' 321 (2001) 65-78.
	~~{{refend}}~~

	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{Commons category\|Qumran}}~~
	'''Archaeology:'''		'''Archaeology:'''
	*[http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/qumfort.shtml The Fortress at Qumran: A History of Interpretation] Robert Cargill (2009).		*[http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/qumfort.shtml The Fortress at Qumran: A History of Interpretation] Robert Cargill (2009).
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	*[http://www.duke.edu/~goranson/Essenes_&_Others.pdf "Others and Intra-Jewish Polemic as Reflected in Qumran Texts,"] Stephen Goranson, evidence that some Qumran scrolls are self-designated as from "Essene," in its original Hebrew version.		*[http://www.duke.edu/~goranson/Essenes_&_Others.pdf "Others and Intra-Jewish Polemic as Reflected in Qumran Texts,"] Stephen Goranson, evidence that some Qumran scrolls are self-designated as from "Essene," in its original Hebrew version.
	*[http://www.duke.edu/~goranson/jannaeus.pdf "Jannaeus, His Brother Absalom, and Judah the Essene,"] Stephen Goranson, identities of Wicked Priest and Teacher of Righteousness, relevant to Qumran history.		*[http://www.duke.edu/~goranson/jannaeus.pdf "Jannaeus, His Brother Absalom, and Judah the Essene,"] Stephen Goranson, identities of Wicked Priest and Teacher of Righteousness, relevant to Qumran history.
	~~{{Dead Sea Scrolls}}~~
	~~{{National parks of Israel}}~~

	[[Category:Ancient Jewish Roman history]]		[[Category:Ancient Jewish Roman history]]

Nick: Undo revision 31525 by 195.3.157.254 (Talk)

2010-06-16T11:14:25Z

Undo revision 31525 by 195.3.157.254 (Talk)

@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 [[Karl Heinrich Rengstorf]] proposed that despite being discovered near Qumran, the Dead Sea Scrolls were not the product of the residents of Qumran, but of the library of the [[Jerusalem temple|Jerusalem Temple]]. Rengstorf based his theory on the fact that the scrolls were written in several different scripts and come from different periods and that the copies of the Isaiah scrolls from Cave 1 are substantially different.<ref>Rengstorf, Karl Heinrich, ''Hirbet Qumrân and the Problem of the Library of the Dead Sea Caves'', Translated by J. R. Wilkie, Leiden: Brill, 1963.</ref>
-why not...
+===Later discussion===
 ==Introduction to the archaeological site==

195.3.157.254: re:

2010-06-16T10:26:58Z

re:

@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 [[Karl Heinrich Rengstorf]] proposed that despite being discovered near Qumran, the Dead Sea Scrolls were not the product of the residents of Qumran, but of the library of the [[Jerusalem temple|Jerusalem Temple]]. Rengstorf based his theory on the fact that the scrolls were written in several different scripts and come from different periods and that the copies of the Isaiah scrolls from Cave 1 are substantially different.<ref>Rengstorf, Karl Heinrich, ''Hirbet Qumrân and the Problem of the Library of the Dead Sea Caves'', Translated by J. R. Wilkie, Leiden: Brill, 1963.</ref>
-===Later discussion===
+why not...
 ==Introduction to the archaeological site==

Nick: New page: {{Coord|31|44|27|N|35|27|31|E|display=title}} Location of Qumran '''Qumran''' ({{lang-ar|خربة قمران}}, {{lang-he|חירבת קומר...

2009-11-25T13:27:04Z

New page: {{Coord|31|44|27|N|35|27|31|E|display=title}} thumb|120px|Location of Qumran '''Qumran''' ({{lang-ar|خربة قمران}}, {{lang-he|חירבת קומר...

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