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	==References==		==References==

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	[[Category:Textual criticism]]		[[Category:Textual criticism]]
	[[Category:New Testament]]		[[Category:New Testament]]
	[[Category:Biblical criticism]]		[[Category:Biblical criticism]]

Nick: New page: A folio from [[Papyrus 46, one of the oldest extant New Testament manuscripts]] The '''textual criticism of the New Testament''' is the [[textual critic...

2017-09-24T12:41:20Z

New page: thumb|right|300px|A folio from [[Papyrus 46, one of the oldest extant New Testament manuscripts]] The '''textual criticism of the New Testament''' is the [[textual critic...

New page

[[Image:P46.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A folio from [[Papyrus 46]], one of the oldest extant New Testament manuscripts]]
The '''textual criticism of the New Testament''' is the [[textual criticism|analysis of the manuscripts]] of the [[New Testament]], whose goals include identification of transcription errors, analysis of versions, and attempts to reconstruct the original.

The New Testament has been preserved in more than 5,800 [[Greek language|Greek]] manuscripts, 10,000 [[Latin]] manuscripts and 9,300 manuscripts in various other ancient languages including [[Syriac language|Syriac]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[Ethiopic]] and [[Armenian language|Armenian]]. There are approximately 300,000 textual variants among the manuscripts, most of them being the changes of word order and other comparative trivialities.[][] Nonetheless, these manuscripts are copies of copies of copies and maintain a 99.5% accuracy to each other. This fact is unprecedented in light of other ancient texts.

==Text types==
The sheer number of witnesses presents unique difficulties, chiefly in that it makes stemmatics in many cases impossible, because many copyists used two or more different manuscripts as sources. Consequently, New Testament textual critics have adopted [[Textual_criticism#Eclecticism|eclecticism]] after sorting the witnesses into three major groups, called '''text types''' (also styled hyphenated: '''text-types'''). The most common division today is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
|- style="background:#cef2e0; text-align:center;"
! width="20%"|Text type !! width=" 10%" |Date!!Characteristics!! Bible version
|-
| The [[Alexandrian text-type]] (also called the "Neutral Text" tradition; less frequently, the "Minority Text")||2nd–4th centuries CE|| This family constitutes a small group of early but corrupted texts, including [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|Codex Vaticanus]] and [[Codex Sinaiticus]] (Most likely a 1840 AD forgery). Most of this tradition appears to come from around [[Alexandria, Egypt]] and from [[Coptic Church|the Alexandrian Church]] It contains readings that are often terse, shorter, somewhat rough, less harmonised, gnostic, and generally more difficult. It underlies most corrupted modern translations of the New Testament.||[[NIV]], [[New American Bible|NAB]], [[New American Bible Revised Edition|NABRE]], [[Douay]], [[Jerusalem Bible|JB]] and [[New Jerusalem Bible|NJB]] (albeit, with some reliance on the Byzantine text-type), [[TNIV]], [[New American Standard Bible|NASB]], [[Revised Standard Version|RSV]], [[English Standard Version|ESV]], [[Emphasized Bible|EBR]], [[New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures|NWT]], [[The Living Bible|LB]], [[American Standard Version|ASV]], [[New Century Version|NC]], [[Good News Bible|GNB]]
|-
|The [[Western text-type]]||3rd–9th centuries CE ||This is also very few, and early, and comes from a wide geographical area stretching from North Africa to Italy from [[Gaul]] to Syria. It is found in Greek manuscripts and in the Latin translations used by the [[Western church]]. It is much less controlled than the Alexandrian family and its witnesses are seen to be more prone to [[paraphrase]] and other corruptions. It is sometimes called the [[Caesarean text-type]]. Though, some [[New Testament]] scholars would argue that the Caesarean constitutes a distinct text-type of its own.||[[Vetus Latina]]
|-
| The [[Byzantine text-type]]; also, [[Koine Greek|Koinē]] text-type (also called Majority Text)||4th–16th centuries CE||This is a group of around 80% of all manuscripts, the majority of which are comparatively very late in the tradition. It had become dominant at [[Constantinople]] from the 5th century on and was used throughout the Church in the [[Byzantine Empire]]. It contains the most harmonistic readings, paraphrasing and significant additions, most of which are believed to be secondary readings. It underlies the [[Textus Receptus]] used for most [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]-era translations of the New Testament.|| [[KJV]], [[NKJV]], [[KJV 2016 Edition]], [[Tyndale Bible|Tyndale]], [[Coverdale Bible|Coverdale]], [[Geneva Bible|Geneva]], [[Bishops' Bible]], [[Orthodox Study Bible|OSB]]
|}

==See also==
*[[Novum Testamentum Graece]]
*[[Institute for New Testament Textual Research]]

==References==

[[Category:Textual criticism]]
[[Category:New Testament]]
[[Category:Biblical criticism]]

Textual criticism of the New Testament - Revision history

KJV: Template:Donate

Nick: New page: A folio from [[Papyrus 46, one of the oldest extant New Testament manuscripts]] The '''textual criticism of the New Testament''' is the [[textual critic...