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References

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2020-04-24T01:31:42Z

Nick: New page: '''Jean Hardouin''' (English:John Hardwin; Latin:Johannes Harduinus; 1646 – 3 September 1729), French classical scholar, was born at Quimper in [[Britt...

2020-04-24T01:30:53Z

New page: '''Jean Hardouin''' (English:John Hardwin; Latin:Johannes Harduinus; 1646 – 3 September 1729), French classical scholar, was born at Quimper in [[Britt...

New page

'''Jean Hardouin''' (English:John Hardwin; Latin:Johannes Harduinus; 1646 – 3 September 1729), [[France|French]] classical scholar, was born at [[Quimper, Finistère|Quimper]] in [[Brittany]].

Having acquired a taste for literature in his father's book-shop, he sought and obtained admission into the order of the [[Jesuits]] in around 1662 (when he was 16). In [[Paris]], where he went to study [[theology]]. He ultimately became librarian of the [[Lycée Louis-le-Grand]] in 1683, and he died there.

His first published work was an edition of [[Themistius]] (1684), which included no fewer than thirteen new orations. On the advice of [[Jean Garnier]] (1612–1681) he undertook to edit the ''Natural History'' of [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] for the [[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]] series, a task which he completed in five years. Aside from editorial work, he became interested in [[numismatics]], and published several learned works on this subject, all marked by a determination to be different from other interpreters. His works on this topic include: ''Nummi antiqui populorum et urbium illustrati'' (1684), ''Antirrheticus de nummis antiquis coloniarum et municipiorum'' (1689), and ''Chronologia Veteris Testamenti ad vulgatam versionem exacta et nummis illustrata'' (1696).

Hardouin was appointed by the ecclesiastical authorities to supervise the ''Conciliorum collectio regia maxima'' (1715); but he was accused of suppressing important documents and including apocryphal ones, and by the order of the ''[[parlement]]'' of Paris (then in conflict with the Jesuits) the publication of the work was delayed. After his death a collection of works ''Opera varia'' appeared in Amsterdam 1733.[1]

It is, however, as the originator of a variety of eccentric theories that Hardouin is now best remembered. The most remarkable, contained in his ''Chronologiae ex nummis antiquis restitutae'' (1696) and ''Prolegomena ad censuram veterum scriptorum'', was to the effect that, with the exception of the works of [[Homer]], [[Herodotus]] and [[Cicero]], the ''Natural History'' of [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]], the ''Georgics'' of [[Virgil]], and the ''Satires'' and ''Epistles'' of [[Horace]], all the ancient classics of Greece and Rome were spurious, having been manufactured by monks of the 13th century, under the direction of a certain [[Severus Archontius]] by whom he might have meant [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]].[2] He denied the genuineness of most ancient works of art, coins and inscriptions, and declared that the [[New Testament]] was originally written in [[Latin]], as he underlined with good reasoning in his short work ''Prolegomena'' which appeared in the year he died, 1729.[3] The ''Prolegomena'' were translated by [[Edwin Johnson (historian)|Edwin Johnson]] and published by Angus and Robertson, Sydney 1909, with a noteworthy preface of Edward A. Petherick.

Although Hardouin has been called "pathological", he was only an extreme example of a general critical trend of his time, following authors like [[Baruch Spinoza]], [[Thomas Hobbes]] or [[Jean Daillé]], who had started to identify and discard mistaken attributions or datings of medieval documents or Church writings [4]

Hardouin also perceived anachronisms in Dante's [[Purgatorio]], in notes published in Paris 1727, which was edited with an English commentary in London 1847 by C. F. Molini.[5] The historian [[Isaac-Joseph Berruyer]] had his ''Histoire du peuple de Dieu'' condemned for having followed this theory, which has a modern heir in the Russian mathematician [[Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko]], whose conclusions being based on proprietary methods of statistical textual analysis and computational astronomy are even more radical, but considered to be [[pseudoscientific]].

== Further reading ==
* [[Augustin de Backer]], ''Bibliothèque des écrivains de la Compagnie de Jesus'' (1853).
* [https://archive.is/20121212170011/http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/F/YE41JKYYJFD5DAK9BTHQBD3P96HFG3X65UTKFTTTVKTQD6FI4K-24403?func=find-b&find_code=WRD&request=hardouin+johnson English Translation of The ''Prolegomena'']

==References==
* 1. Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, Leipsic 1887, 4th ed., t. 8: Jean Hardouin
* 2. Harold Love: ''Attributing Authorship'' (Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp 186-188
* 3. [http://www.ilya.it/chrono/dtpages/HardouinsProlegomena.html Hardouins Prolegomena in englischer Übersetzung] by Uwe Topper, in CronoLogo (2014)
* 4. ''The Oxford History of Historical Writing'' (Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 270
* 5. [http://www.ilya.it/chrono/dtpages/Hardouin.html Hardouins Zweifel zu Dante] by Uwe Topper, in CronoLogo, 2011

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hardouin, Jean}}
[[Category:1646 births]]
[[Category:1729 deaths]]
[[Category:French classical scholars]]
[[Category:17th-century French Jesuits]]
[[Category:People from Quimper]]
[[Category:Pseudohistorians]]
[[Category:18th-century French Jesuits]]
[[Category:Proponents of alternative chronologies]]

←Older revision		Revision as of 01:31, 24 April 2020
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	Hardouin also perceived anachronisms in Dante's [[Purgatorio]], in notes published in Paris 1727, which was edited with an English commentary in London 1847 by C. F. Molini.<sup>[5]</sup> The historian [[Isaac-Joseph Berruyer]] had his ''Histoire du peuple de Dieu'' condemned for having followed this theory, which has a modern heir in the Russian mathematician [[Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko]], whose conclusions being based on proprietary methods of statistical textual analysis and computational astronomy are even more radical, but considered to be [[pseudoscientific]].		Hardouin also perceived anachronisms in Dante's [[Purgatorio]], in notes published in Paris 1727, which was edited with an English commentary in London 1847 by C. F. Molini.<sup>[5]</sup> The historian [[Isaac-Joseph Berruyer]] had his ''Histoire du peuple de Dieu'' condemned for having followed this theory, which has a modern heir in the Russian mathematician [[Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko]], whose conclusions being based on proprietary methods of statistical textual analysis and computational astronomy are even more radical, but considered to be [[pseudoscientific]].
		+
		+	== See Also ==
		+	* [[Johannine Comma and Jean Hardouin]]

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==

Jean Hardouin - Revision history

Nick: /* References */

Nick: /* Further reading */

Nick: New page: '''Jean Hardouin''' (English:John Hardwin; Latin:Johannes Harduinus; 1646 – 3 September 1729), French classical scholar, was born at Quimper in [[Britt...