Theta - Revision history

Beza 1598: /* See also */

2016-03-11T14:47:02Z

Nick: /* See also */

2015-01-20T11:39:20Z

Nick at 05:21, 8 March 2011

2011-03-08T05:21:25Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:21, 8 March 2011
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	[[image:theta.png\|thumb\|150px\|Theta]]		[[image:theta.png\|thumb\|150px\|Theta]]
-	'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.	+	'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[1]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.

	==Greek==		==Greek==
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	===Abbreviation===		===Abbreviation===
-	In classical Athens, it was used as an abbreviation for the [[Greek language\|Greek]] θάνατος (''thanatos'', “death”) and as it vaguely resembles a human skull, theta was used as a warning symbol of [[Thanatos\|death]], in the same way that [[skull and crossbones (poison)\|skull and crossbones]] are used in modern times. It survives on [[potsherd]]s used by Athenians when voting for the [[death penalty]].<sup>[]</sup> [[Petrus de Dacia (mathematician)\|Petrus de Dacia]] in a document from 1291 relates the idea that theta was used to brand criminals as empty ciphers, and the branding rod was affixed to the crossbar spanning the circle.<sup>[]</sup> For this reason, use of the number theta was sometimes avoided where the connotation was felt to be unlucky - the mint marks of some Late Imperial Roman coins famously have the sum ΔΕ or ΕΔ (delta and epsilon, that is 4 and 5) substituted as a [[euphemism]] where a Θ (9) would otherwise be expected.	+	In classical Athens, it was used as an abbreviation for the [[Greek language\|Greek]] θάνατος (''thanatos'', “death”) and as it vaguely resembles a human skull, theta was used as a warning symbol of [[Thanatos\|death]], in the same way that [[skull and crossbones (poison)\|skull and crossbones]] are used in modern times. It survives on [[potsherd]]s used by Athenians when voting for the [[death penalty]].<sup>[2]</sup> [[Petrus de Dacia (mathematician)\|Petrus de Dacia]] in a document from 1291 relates the idea that theta was used to brand criminals as empty ciphers, and the branding rod was affixed to the crossbar spanning the circle.<sup>[3]</sup> For this reason, use of the number theta was sometimes avoided where the connotation was felt to be unlucky - the mint marks of some Late Imperial Roman coins famously have the sum ΔΕ or ΕΔ (delta and epsilon, that is 4 and 5) substituted as a [[euphemism]] where a Θ (9) would otherwise be expected.

	==Culture==		==Culture==

Nick at 05:20, 8 March 2011

2011-03-08T05:20:20Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:20, 8 March 2011
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-	[[image:theta.png\|thumb\|~~100px~~\|Theta]]	+	[[image:theta.png\|thumb\|150px\|Theta]]
	'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.		'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.

Nick at 05:19, 8 March 2011

2011-03-08T05:19:51Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:19, 8 March 2011
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-	[[image:theta.png\|~~Thumb~~\|100px\|Theta]]	+	[[image:theta.png\|thumb\|100px\|Theta]]
	'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.		'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.

Nick at 05:19, 8 March 2011

2011-03-08T05:19:33Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:19, 8 March 2011
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-	[[image:theta.png\|100px\|Theta]]	+	[[image:theta.png\|Thumb\|100px\|Theta]]
	'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.		'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.

Nick at 05:19, 8 March 2011

2011-03-08T05:19:22Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:19, 8 March 2011
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-	[[image:theta.png]]	+	[[image:theta.png\|100px\|Theta]]
	'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.		'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.

Nick at 05:19, 8 March 2011

2011-03-08T05:19:01Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 05:19, 8 March 2011
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		+	[[image:theta.png]]
	'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.		'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.

Nick: /* Forms */

2011-03-07T13:32:43Z

Forms

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 7 March 2011
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	===Forms===		===Forms===
	In its [[Archaic period in Greece\|archaic]] form, θ was written as:		In its [[Archaic period in Greece\|archaic]] form, θ was written as:
-	*a cross within a circle ([[Image:Earth symbol.svg\|16px\|A symbol of a cross within a circle]] or [[Image:Cross within circle 2.~~svg~~\|16px\|Another symbol of a cross within a circle]])	+	*a cross within a circle ([[Image:Earth symbol.svg\|16px\|A symbol of a cross within a circle]] or [[Image:Cross within circle 2.png\|16px\|Another symbol of a cross within a circle]])

-	*and later, as a line or point within a circle ([[File:Line within circle.svg\|16px\|The symbol of a line within a circle]] or [[Image:Sun symbol.~~svg~~\|16px\|The symbol of a point within a circle]]).	+	*and later, as a line or point within a circle ([[File:Line within circle.svg\|16px\|The symbol of a line within a circle]] or [[Image:Sun symbol.png\|16px\|The symbol of a point within a circle]]).

	==Cyrillic==		==Cyrillic==

Nick at 13:32, 7 March 2011

2011-03-07T13:32:08Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 7 March 2011
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-	Θθ Theta	+	'''Theta''' (uppercase '''Θ''', lowercase '''θ''' or '''ϑ''';<sup>[]</sup> [[Ancient Greek]] θῆτα tʰɛ̂ːta; [[Modern Greek]] θήτα ˈθita; ˈθiːtə, ˈθeɪtə) is the eighth letter of the [[Greek alphabet]], derived from the Phoenician letter [[Teth]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 9.

-	~~Tabernai~~	+	==Greek==
-	~~Tabitha~~	+	In [[Ancient Greek]], θ represented the [[aspiration (phonetics)\|aspirated]] [[voiceless dental plosive]] /t̪ʰ/, but in [[Modern Greek]] it represents the [[voiceless dental fricative]] /θ/.
-	~~tagma~~	+
		+	===Forms===
		+	In its [[Archaic period in Greece\|archaic]] form, θ was written as:
		+	*a cross within a circle ([[Image:Earth symbol.svg\|16px\|A symbol of a cross within a circle]] or [[Image:Cross within circle 2.svg\|16px\|Another symbol of a cross within a circle]])
		+
		+	*and later, as a line or point within a circle ([[File:Line within circle.svg\|16px\|The symbol of a line within a circle]] or [[Image:Sun symbol.svg\|16px\|The symbol of a point within a circle]]).
		+
		+	==Cyrillic==
		+	The early [[Cyrillic]] letter ''[[fita]]'' (Ѳ, ѳ) developed from θ.
		+
		+	==International Phonetic Alphabet==
		+	In the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], [θ] represents the [[voiceless dental fricative]], as in '''''th'''ick'' or '''''th'''in''. It does not represent the consonant in '''''th'''e'', which is the [[voiced dental fricative]].
		+
		+	==Math and science==
		+	===Lower case===
		+	The lower-case letter θ is used as a symbol for:
		+	*A [[angle\|plane angle]] in geometry.
		+	*A [[theta function\|special function]] of several complex variables.
		+	*One of the [[Chebyshev function]]s in prime number theory.
		+	*The [[potential temperature]] in [[meteorology]].
		+	*The score of a test taker in [[item response theory]].
		+	*Theta Type Replication: a type of bacterial [[DNA replication]] specific to circular [[chromosomes]].
		+	*Threshold value of an artificial neuron.
		+	*A [[Bayer designation]] letter applied to a star in a constellation; usually the eighth star so labelled but not necessarily the eighth brightest as viewed from Earth.
		+	*The parameter frequently used in writing the [[likelihood function]] (Bayes theorem).
		+	*Along with μ (Mu), population parameters in the Normal/Gaussian/Bell curve distribution, usually designated N(μ,θ).
		+	*The [[Watterson estimator]] for the [[population mutation rate]] in [[population genetics]].
		+
		+	===Upper case===
		+	The upper-case letter Θ is used as a symbol for:
		+	*Dimensionless temperature in [[transport phenomena]].
		+	*[[Big O notation]]. Denoting an asymptotically tight bound in analysis of algorithms.
		+	*[[Θ (set theory)]], a certain [[ordinal number]].
		+	*Representing [[pentaquark]]s, exotic [[baryon]]s in [[particle physics]].
		+	*[[Earth Day]].
		+	*[[Electroencephalography\|Brain Signal Frequency]] (Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta) ranging from 4–8 Hz.
		+	*One of the variables known as [[Greeks (finance)\|"Greeks"]] in finance, representing the lost-value rate of an option over time.
		+	*As a variable indicating Temperature difference in Heat Transfer
		+
		+	===Greek mathematics===
		+	The common usage of theta in mathematical problems began with the Greeks. They logically chose this Greek symbol since it was the next in their alphabet not yet used and was easily legible when recreating for multiple uses.
		+
		+	Archaic crossed forms of theta are seen in the wheel letters of [[Linear A]], [[Linear B]], and [[Egyptian hieroglyphics]], the mathematical [[tensor product]], [[exclusive disjunction]], and [[direct sum]] operators, the identification symbol for the [[Earth]] (as already mentioned), and the [[Celtic cross]]. The [[circumpunct]], or circled dot, is seen in a wide range of places.
		+
		+	==Symbolism==
		+	According to [[Porphyry of Tyros]], the [[Ancient Egypt\|Egyptian]]s used an X within a circle as a [[symbol]] of the soul; having a value of nine, it was used as a symbol for [[Ennead]]. [[Johannes Lydus]] says that the [[Egyptians]] used a symbol for [[cosmos\|Kosmos]] in the form of theta, with a fiery circle representing the world, and a snake spanning the middle representing ''[[Agathos Daimon]]'' (literally: ''good spirit'').<sup>[]</sup>
		+
		+	The Egyptians also used the symbol of a point within a circle ([[Image:Sun symbol.svg\|15px\|The symbol of a point within a circle]], the ''sun disc'') to represent the sun, which might be a possible origin of its use as the Sun's [[astrological]] glyph. It is worthwhile to note that {{Polytonic\|θῆτα}} (''theta'') has the same numerical value in [[isopsephy]] as Ηλιος (''[[Helios]]''): 318.
		+
		+	===Abbreviation===
		+	In classical Athens, it was used as an abbreviation for the [[Greek language\|Greek]] θάνατος (''thanatos'', “death”) and as it vaguely resembles a human skull, theta was used as a warning symbol of [[Thanatos\|death]], in the same way that [[skull and crossbones (poison)\|skull and crossbones]] are used in modern times. It survives on [[potsherd]]s used by Athenians when voting for the [[death penalty]].<sup>[]</sup> [[Petrus de Dacia (mathematician)\|Petrus de Dacia]] in a document from 1291 relates the idea that theta was used to brand criminals as empty ciphers, and the branding rod was affixed to the crossbar spanning the circle.<sup>[]</sup> For this reason, use of the number theta was sometimes avoided where the connotation was felt to be unlucky - the mint marks of some Late Imperial Roman coins famously have the sum ΔΕ or ΕΔ (delta and epsilon, that is 4 and 5) substituted as a [[euphemism]] where a Θ (9) would otherwise be expected.
		+
		+	==Culture==
		+	In the science fiction TV series Doctor Who, the character of the Doctor was once known as Theta Sigma whilst he lived on Gallifrey.
		+
		+	==Notes==
		+
		+	==See also==
		+
		+	*[[Ѳ, ѳ - Fita]], a letter of the [[early Cyrillic alphabet]] derived from the Greek theta
		+	*[[ʘ\|ʘ - Bilabial click]]
		+
		+	[[Category:Greek letters]]
		+	[[Category:Phonetic transcription symbols]]

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:39, 20 January 2015
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	*[[ʘ\|ʘ - Bilabial click]]		*[[ʘ\|ʘ - Bilabial click]]

		+	{{Greek Lexicon}}
	[[Category:Greek letters]]		[[Category:Greek letters]]
	[[Category:Phonetic transcription symbols]]		[[Category:Phonetic transcription symbols]]

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 11 March 2016
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	[[Category:Greek letters]]		[[Category:Greek letters]]
	[[Category:Phonetic transcription symbols]]		[[Category:Phonetic transcription symbols]]
		+
		+	{{Donate}}