Origen - Revision history

KJV: /* Life */ removed Origen2.jpg redlinked file

KJV — Tue, 26 Oct 2021 08:37:10 GMT

Life: removed Origen2.jpg redlinked file

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:37, 26 October 2021
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	In 213 or 214, Origen visited Arabia at the request of the prefect, who wished to have an interview with him; and Origen accordingly spent a brief time in [[Petra]], after which he returned to Alexandria. In the following year, a popular uprising at Alexandria caused Caracalla to let his soldiers plunder the city, shut the schools, and expel all foreigners. The latter measure caused Ambrose to take refuge in [[Caesarea Maritima\|Caesarea]], where he seems to have made his permanent home; and Origen left Egypt, apparently going with Ambrose to Caesarea, where he spent some time. Here, in conformity with local usage based on Jewish custom, Origen, though not ordained, preached and interpreted the Scriptures at the request of the bishops Alexander of Jerusalem and Theoctistus of Caesarea. When, however, the confusion in Alexandria subsided, Demetrius recalled Origen, probably in 216.		In 213 or 214, Origen visited Arabia at the request of the prefect, who wished to have an interview with him; and Origen accordingly spent a brief time in [[Petra]], after which he returned to Alexandria. In the following year, a popular uprising at Alexandria caused Caracalla to let his soldiers plunder the city, shut the schools, and expel all foreigners. The latter measure caused Ambrose to take refuge in [[Caesarea Maritima\|Caesarea]], where he seems to have made his permanent home; and Origen left Egypt, apparently going with Ambrose to Caesarea, where he spent some time. Here, in conformity with local usage based on Jewish custom, Origen, though not ordained, preached and interpreted the Scriptures at the request of the bishops Alexander of Jerusalem and Theoctistus of Caesarea. When, however, the confusion in Alexandria subsided, Demetrius recalled Origen, probably in 216.
-
-	~~[[Image:Origen2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Origen]]~~

	Of Origen's activity during the next decade little is known, but it was probably devoted to teaching and writing. The latter was rendered the more easy for him by Ambrose, who provided him with more than seven stenographers to take dictation in relays, as many scribes to prepare long-hand copies, and a number of girls to multiply the copies. At the request of Ambrose, he now began a huge commentary on the Bible, beginning with John, and continuing with [[Book of Genesis\|Genesis]], [[Psalms]] 1-25, and [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]], besides brief exegeses of selected texts (forming the ten books of his ''Stromateis''), two books on the [[resurrection]], and the work ''On First Principles''.		Of Origen's activity during the next decade little is known, but it was probably devoted to teaching and writing. The latter was rendered the more easy for him by Ambrose, who provided him with more than seven stenographers to take dictation in relays, as many scribes to prepare long-hand copies, and a number of girls to multiply the copies. At the request of Ambrose, he now began a huge commentary on the Bible, beginning with John, and continuing with [[Book of Genesis\|Genesis]], [[Psalms]] 1-25, and [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]], besides brief exegeses of selected texts (forming the ten books of his ''Stromateis''), two books on the [[resurrection]], and the work ''On First Principles''.

Nick at 14:47, 10 February 2018

Nick — Sat, 10 Feb 2018 14:47:22 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 10 February 2018
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-	[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|Origen]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254) was an ~~[[Early Christianity\|gnostic]]~~ [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]] scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction. Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen. According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]] who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught. The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission. He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.	+	[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|Origen]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254) was an heretical [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]] scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction. Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen. According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]] who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught. The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission. He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.

	Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]]. Many who support the [[King James Version]] and the [[Textus Receptus]], believe that this was the origin of the [[Septuagint]], and not a mere update. He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]]. In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].		Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]]. Many who support the [[King James Version]] and the [[Textus Receptus]], believe that this was the origin of the [[Septuagint]], and not a mere update. He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]]. In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].

Nick at 13:45, 10 February 2018

Nick — Sat, 10 Feb 2018 13:45:08 GMT

Nick at 13:42, 10 February 2018

Nick — Sat, 10 Feb 2018 13:42:30 GMT

Beza 1598 at 08:46, 8 March 2016

Beza 1598 — Tue, 08 Mar 2016 08:46:02 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:46, 8 March 2016
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	[[Category:Christian Universalists]]		[[Category:Christian Universalists]]
	[[Category:Hellenism and Christianity]]		[[Category:Hellenism and Christianity]]
		+
		+	{{Donate}}

Nick at 11:56, 5 March 2011

Nick — Sat, 05 Mar 2011 11:56:13 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:56, 5 March 2011
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	[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|Origen]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254<sup>[]</sup>) was an [[Early Christianity\|early Christian]] [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]]<sup>[]</sup> scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction.<sup>[]</sup> Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen.<sup>[]</sup> According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]]<sup>[]</sup> who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught.<sup>[]</sup> The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission.<sup>[]</sup> He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.<sup>[]</sup>		[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|Origen]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254<sup>[]</sup>) was an [[Early Christianity\|early Christian]] [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]]<sup>[]</sup> scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction.<sup>[]</sup> Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen.<sup>[]</sup> According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]]<sup>[]</sup> who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught.<sup>[]</sup> The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission.<sup>[]</sup> He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.<sup>[]</sup>

-	Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]].<sup>[]</sup> He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]].<sup>[]</sup> In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].<sup>[]</sup>	+	Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]].<sup>[]</sup> Many who support the [[King James Version]] and the [[Textus Receptus]], believe that this was the origin of the [[Septuagint]], and not a mere update. He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]].<sup>[]</sup> In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].<sup>[]</sup>
	He interpreted scripture [[allegorical interpretation\|allegorically]] and developed certain doctrines with similarities to [[Neo-Pythagorean]] and [[Neo-Platonist]] thought.<sup>[]</sup>		He interpreted scripture [[allegorical interpretation\|allegorically]] and developed certain doctrines with similarities to [[Neo-Pythagorean]] and [[Neo-Platonist]] thought.<sup>[]</sup>
	Like [[Plotinus]], he wrote that the [[soul]] passes through successive stages of [[incarnation]] before eventually reaching [[God]].<sup>[]</sup>		Like [[Plotinus]], he wrote that the [[soul]] passes through successive stages of [[incarnation]] before eventually reaching [[God]].<sup>[]</sup>

Nick at 11:53, 5 March 2011

Nick — Sat, 05 Mar 2011 11:53:47 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:53, 5 March 2011
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-	[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|~~origen~~]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254<sup>[]</sup>) was an [[Early Christianity\|early Christian]] [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]]<sup>[]</sup> scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction.<sup>[]</sup> Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen.<sup>[]</sup> According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]]<sup>[]</sup> who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught.<sup>[]</sup> The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission.<sup>[]</sup> He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.<sup>[]</sup>	+	[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|Origen]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254<sup>[]</sup>) was an [[Early Christianity\|early Christian]] [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]]<sup>[]</sup> scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction.<sup>[]</sup> Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen.<sup>[]</sup> According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]]<sup>[]</sup> who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught.<sup>[]</sup> The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission.<sup>[]</sup> He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.<sup>[]</sup>

	Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]].<sup>[]</sup> He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]].<sup>[]</sup> In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].<sup>[]</sup>		Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]].<sup>[]</sup> He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]].<sup>[]</sup> In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].<sup>[]</sup>

Nick at 11:53, 5 March 2011

Nick — Sat, 05 Mar 2011 11:53:03 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:53, 5 March 2011
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-	'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254<sup>[]</sup>) was an [[Early Christianity\|early Christian]] [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]]<sup>[]</sup> scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction.<sup>[]</sup> Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen.<sup>[]</sup> According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]]<sup>[]</sup> who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught.<sup>[]</sup> The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission.<sup>[]</sup> He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.<sup>[]</sup>	+	[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|origen]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254<sup>[]</sup>) was an [[Early Christianity\|early Christian]] [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]]<sup>[]</sup> scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction.<sup>[]</sup> Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen.<sup>[]</sup> According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]]<sup>[]</sup> who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught.<sup>[]</sup> The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission.<sup>[]</sup> He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.<sup>[]</sup>

	Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]].<sup>[]</sup> He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]].<sup>[]</sup> In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].<sup>[]</sup>		Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]].<sup>[]</sup> He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]].<sup>[]</sup> In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].<sup>[]</sup>

Nick at 11:45, 5 March 2011

Nick — Sat, 05 Mar 2011 11:45:30 GMT

Show changes

Nick at 11:35, 5 March 2011

Nick — Sat, 05 Mar 2011 11:35:30 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 5 March 2011
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-	Origen	+	==External Links==
		+
		+	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen Wikipedia Article on Origen]

←Older revision		Revision as of 08:37, 26 October 2021
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	In 213 or 214, Origen visited Arabia at the request of the prefect, who wished to have an interview with him; and Origen accordingly spent a brief time in [[Petra]], after which he returned to Alexandria. In the following year, a popular uprising at Alexandria caused Caracalla to let his soldiers plunder the city, shut the schools, and expel all foreigners. The latter measure caused Ambrose to take refuge in [[Caesarea Maritima\|Caesarea]], where he seems to have made his permanent home; and Origen left Egypt, apparently going with Ambrose to Caesarea, where he spent some time. Here, in conformity with local usage based on Jewish custom, Origen, though not ordained, preached and interpreted the Scriptures at the request of the bishops Alexander of Jerusalem and Theoctistus of Caesarea. When, however, the confusion in Alexandria subsided, Demetrius recalled Origen, probably in 216.		In 213 or 214, Origen visited Arabia at the request of the prefect, who wished to have an interview with him; and Origen accordingly spent a brief time in [[Petra]], after which he returned to Alexandria. In the following year, a popular uprising at Alexandria caused Caracalla to let his soldiers plunder the city, shut the schools, and expel all foreigners. The latter measure caused Ambrose to take refuge in [[Caesarea Maritima\|Caesarea]], where he seems to have made his permanent home; and Origen left Egypt, apparently going with Ambrose to Caesarea, where he spent some time. Here, in conformity with local usage based on Jewish custom, Origen, though not ordained, preached and interpreted the Scriptures at the request of the bishops Alexander of Jerusalem and Theoctistus of Caesarea. When, however, the confusion in Alexandria subsided, Demetrius recalled Origen, probably in 216.
-
-	~~[[Image:Origen2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Origen]]~~

	Of Origen's activity during the next decade little is known, but it was probably devoted to teaching and writing. The latter was rendered the more easy for him by Ambrose, who provided him with more than seven stenographers to take dictation in relays, as many scribes to prepare long-hand copies, and a number of girls to multiply the copies. At the request of Ambrose, he now began a huge commentary on the Bible, beginning with John, and continuing with [[Book of Genesis\|Genesis]], [[Psalms]] 1-25, and [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]], besides brief exegeses of selected texts (forming the ten books of his ''Stromateis''), two books on the [[resurrection]], and the work ''On First Principles''.		Of Origen's activity during the next decade little is known, but it was probably devoted to teaching and writing. The latter was rendered the more easy for him by Ambrose, who provided him with more than seven stenographers to take dictation in relays, as many scribes to prepare long-hand copies, and a number of girls to multiply the copies. At the request of Ambrose, he now began a huge commentary on the Bible, beginning with John, and continuing with [[Book of Genesis\|Genesis]], [[Psalms]] 1-25, and [[Book of Lamentations\|Lamentations]], besides brief exegeses of selected texts (forming the ten books of his ''Stromateis''), two books on the [[resurrection]], and the work ''On First Principles''.

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 10 February 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
-	[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|Origen]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254~~<sup>[]</sup>~~) was an [[Early Christianity\|~~early Christian~~]] [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]]~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]]~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	[[image:Origen3.jpg\|thumb\|Origen]]'''Origen''' ([[Greek language\|Greek]]: Ὠριγένης ''Ōrigénēs'', or '''Origen Adamantius''', 185–254) was an [[Early Christianity\|gnostic]] [[History of Africa#Antiquity\|African]] scholar and [[theology\|theologian]], and one of the most distinguished writers of the early [[Christian Church\|Church]] despite not being considered a [[Church father]] by most Christians who recognize this distinction. Origen was also largely and ultimately responsible for the coalescence of Christian writings which became the [[New Testament]], even though he had long passed on by the time the post-Constantinian Church officially approved of the twenty-seven with which we are familiar today, and even though he would have likely included, along with the twenty-seven, [[Shepherd of Hermas]], ''[[Epistle of Barnabas]]'', and ''[[1 Clement]]''. He holds this distinction because the canonical choices that were ultimately made seem heavily, if not certainly, influenced by the historical evidences of [[Eusebius of Caesarea]] in his ''[[Ecclesiastical History]]'' [3.25;6.25]: Eusebius got most, if not all, of his information about what Christian writings were accepted by the various churches from the writings and library of Origen. According to tradition, he is held to have been an [[History of Roman Egypt\|Egyptian]] who taught in [[Alexandria]], reviving the [[Catechetical School of Alexandria]] where [[Clement of Alexandria]] had taught. The [[patriarch of Alexandria]] at first supported Origen but later expelled him for being ordained without the patriarch's permission. He relocated to [[Caesarea Maritima]] and died there after being tortured during a persecution.

-	Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]].~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ Many who support the [[King James Version]] and the [[Textus Receptus]], believe that this was the origin of the [[Septuagint]], and not a mere update. He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]].~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he produced the [[Hexapla]] and a corrected [[Septuagint]]. Many who support the [[King James Version]] and the [[Textus Receptus]], believe that this was the origin of the [[Septuagint]], and not a mere update. He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the [[Bible]]. In ''De principiis'' (''On First Principles''), he articulated one of the first [[philosophy\|philosophical]] expositions of [[Christian doctrine]].
-	He interpreted scripture [[allegorical interpretation\|allegorically]] and developed certain doctrines with similarities to [[Neo-Pythagorean]] and [[Neo-Platonist]] thought.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	He interpreted scripture [[allegorical interpretation\|allegorically]] and developed certain doctrines with similarities to [[Neo-Pythagorean]] and [[Neo-Platonist]] thought.
-	Like [[Plotinus]], he wrote that the [[soul]] passes through successive stages of [[incarnation]] before eventually reaching [[God]].~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	Like [[Plotinus]], he wrote that the [[soul]] passes through successive stages of [[incarnation]] before eventually reaching [[God]].
-	He imagined even [[demon]]s being reunited with God. For Origen, God was the First Principle, and Christ, the [[Jesus Christ the Logos\|Logos]], was subordinate to him.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	He imagined even [[demon]]s being reunited with God. For Origen, God was the First Principle, and Christ, the [[Jesus Christ the Logos\|Logos]], was subordinate to him.
-	His views of a hierarchical structure in the [[Trinity (Christianity)\|Trinity]], the temporality of matter, "the fabulous preexistence of souls," and "the monstrous restoration which follows from it" were declared [[anathema]] in the 6th century.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	His views of a hierarchical structure in the [[Trinity (Christianity)\|Trinity]], the temporality of matter, "the fabulous preexistence of souls," and "the monstrous restoration which follows from it" were declared [[anathema]] in the 6th century.

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
-	His Greek name, ''Ōrigénēs'' (Ὠριγένης), probably means "child of [[Horus]]" (from Ὡρος, "Horus", and γένος, "born").~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ His nickname or cognomen ''Adamantius'' derives from Greek ἀδάμας, which means "unconquerable" or "unbreakable".	+	His Greek name, ''Ōrigénēs'' (Ὠριγένης), probably means "child of [[Horus]]" (from Ὡρος, "Horus", and γένος, "born"). His nickname or cognomen ''Adamantius'' derives from Greek ἀδάμας, which means "unconquerable" or "unbreakable".

	==Life==		==Life==
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	Since his father's teaching enabled him also to give elementary instruction, he revived, in 203, the Catechetical School of Alexandria, whose last teacher, Clement of Alexandria, was apparently driven out by the persecution. But the persecution still raged, and the young teacher unceasingly visited the prisoners, attended the courts, and comforted the condemned, himself preserved from harm as if by a miracle. His fame and the number of his pupils increased rapidly, so that Bishop [[Demetrius of Alexandria]], made him restrict himself to instruction in Christian doctrine alone.		Since his father's teaching enabled him also to give elementary instruction, he revived, in 203, the Catechetical School of Alexandria, whose last teacher, Clement of Alexandria, was apparently driven out by the persecution. But the persecution still raged, and the young teacher unceasingly visited the prisoners, attended the courts, and comforted the condemned, himself preserved from harm as if by a miracle. His fame and the number of his pupils increased rapidly, so that Bishop [[Demetrius of Alexandria]], made him restrict himself to instruction in Christian doctrine alone.

-	Origen, to be entirely independent, sold his library~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ for a sum which netted him a daily income of 4 [[Obolus\|obols]], on which he lived by exercising the utmost frugality. Teaching throughout the day, he devoted the greater part of the night to the study of the Bible and lived a life of rigid [[asceticism]].	+	Origen, to be entirely independent, sold his library for a sum which netted him a daily income of 4 [[Obolus\|obols]], on which he lived by exercising the utmost frugality. Teaching throughout the day, he devoted the greater part of the night to the study of the Bible and lived a life of rigid [[asceticism]].

-	[[Eusebius]] reported that Origen, following [[Matthew 19:12]] literally, castrated himself.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ This story was accepted during the Middle Ages and was cited by [[Abelard]] in his 12th century letters to Heloise.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ Scholars within the past century have questioned this, surmising that this may have been a rumor circulated by his detractors.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ The 1903 Catholic Encyclopedia does not report this.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ However, renowned historian of late antiquity Peter Brown finds no reason to deny the truth of Eusebius' claims.	+	[[Eusebius]] reported that Origen, following [[Matthew 19:12]] literally, castrated himself. This story was accepted during the Middle Ages and was cited by [[Abelard]] in his 12th century letters to Heloise. Scholars within the past century have questioned this, surmising that this may have been a rumor circulated by his detractors. The 1903 Catholic Encyclopedia does not report this. However, renowned historian of late antiquity Peter Brown finds no reason to deny the truth of Eusebius' claims.

	During the reign of emperor [[Caracalla]], about 211-212, Origen paid a brief visit to [[Rome]], but the relative laxity during the pontificate of [[Pope Zephyrinus\|Zephyrinus]] seems to have disillusioned him, and on his return to Alexandria he resumed his teaching with zeal increased by the contrast. But the school had far outgrown the strength of a single man; the catechumens pressed eagerly for elementary instruction, and the baptized sought for interpretation of the Bible. Under these circumstances, Origen entrusted the teaching of the catechumens to [[Heraclas]], the brother of the martyr Plutarch, his first pupil.		During the reign of emperor [[Caracalla]], about 211-212, Origen paid a brief visit to [[Rome]], but the relative laxity during the pontificate of [[Pope Zephyrinus\|Zephyrinus]] seems to have disillusioned him, and on his return to Alexandria he resumed his teaching with zeal increased by the contrast. But the school had far outgrown the strength of a single man; the catechumens pressed eagerly for elementary instruction, and the baptized sought for interpretation of the Bible. Under these circumstances, Origen entrusted the teaching of the catechumens to [[Heraclas]], the brother of the martyr Plutarch, his first pupil.

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 10 February 2018
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	After his conversion of Beryllus, however, his aid was frequently invoked against heresies. Thus, when the doctrine was promulgated in Arabia that the soul died and decayed with the body, being restored to life only at the resurrection (see [[soul sleep]]), appeal was made to Origen, who journeyed to Arabia, and by his preaching reclaimed the erring.		After his conversion of Beryllus, however, his aid was frequently invoked against heresies. Thus, when the doctrine was promulgated in Arabia that the soul died and decayed with the body, being restored to life only at the resurrection (see [[soul sleep]]), appeal was made to Origen, who journeyed to Arabia, and by his preaching reclaimed the erring.

-	There was second outbreak of the [[Antonine Plague]], which at its height in 251 to 266 took the lives of 5,000 a day in Rome. This time it was called the [[Plague of Cyprian]]. Emperor [[Gaius Messius Quintus Decius]], believing the plague to be a product of magic, caused by the failure of Christians to recognize him as Divine, began Christian persecutions.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ This time Origen did not escape.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ He was tortured, pilloried, and bound hand and foot to the block for days without yielding.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ Though he did not die while being tortured, he died three years later due to injuries sustained at the age of 69.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ A later legend, recounted by [[Jerome]] and numerous itineraries place his death and burial at [[Tyre (Lebanon)\|Tyre]], but to this little value can be attached.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	There was second outbreak of the [[Antonine Plague]], which at its height in 251 to 266 took the lives of 5,000 a day in Rome. This time it was called the [[Plague of Cyprian]]. Emperor [[Gaius Messius Quintus Decius]], believing the plague to be a product of magic, caused by the failure of Christians to recognize him as Divine, began Christian persecutions. This time Origen did not escape. He was tortured, pilloried, and bound hand and foot to the block for days without yielding. Though he did not die while being tortured, he died three years later due to injuries sustained at the age of 69. A later legend, recounted by [[Jerome]] and numerous itineraries place his death and burial at [[Tyre (Lebanon)\|Tyre]], but to this little value can be attached.

	==Works==		==Works==

	===Exegetical writings===		===Exegetical writings===
-	According to [[Epiphanius of Salamis\|Epiphanius]],~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ Origen wrote about 6,000 works (''i.e.'', rolls or chapters). A list was given by [[Eusebius of Caesarea\|Eusebius]] in his lost ''Life of Pamphilus'',~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ which was apparently known to Jerome.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ These fall into four classes: [[textual criticism]]; exegesis; systematic, practical, and apologetic theology; and [[Letter (message)\|letters]]; besides certain spurious works.	+	According to [[Epiphanius of Salamis\|Epiphanius]], Origen wrote about 6,000 works (''i.e.'', rolls or chapters). A list was given by [[Eusebius of Caesarea\|Eusebius]] in his lost ''Life of Pamphilus'', which was apparently known to Jerome. These fall into four classes: [[textual criticism]]; exegesis; systematic, practical, and apologetic theology; and [[Letter (message)\|letters]]; besides certain spurious works.

	By far the most important work of Origen on textual criticism was the ''[[Hexapla]]'', a comparative study of various translations of the Old Testament.		By far the most important work of Origen on textual criticism was the ''[[Hexapla]]'', a comparative study of various translations of the Old Testament.
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	Earlier in date than this treatise were the two books on the resurrection (now lost, a fate which has also befallen two dialogues on the same theme) dedicated to Ambrose. After his removal to Caesarea, Origen wrote the works, still extant, ''On Prayer'', ''On Martyrdom'', and ''[[Contra Celsum\|Against Celsus]]''. The first of these was written shortly before 235 (or possibly before 230), and, after an introduction on the object, necessity, and advantage of [[prayer]], ends with an exegesis of the Lord's Prayer, concluding with remarks on the position, place, and attitude to be assumed during prayer, as well as on the classes of prayer.		Earlier in date than this treatise were the two books on the resurrection (now lost, a fate which has also befallen two dialogues on the same theme) dedicated to Ambrose. After his removal to Caesarea, Origen wrote the works, still extant, ''On Prayer'', ''On Martyrdom'', and ''[[Contra Celsum\|Against Celsus]]''. The first of these was written shortly before 235 (or possibly before 230), and, after an introduction on the object, necessity, and advantage of [[prayer]], ends with an exegesis of the Lord's Prayer, concluding with remarks on the position, place, and attitude to be assumed during prayer, as well as on the classes of prayer.

-	The persecution of Maximinus was the occasion of the composition of the ''On Martyrdom'', which is preserved in the ''Exhortation to Martyrdom''. In it, Origen warns against any trifling with idolatry and emphasizes the duty of suffering martyrdom manfully; while in the second part he explains the meaning of martyrdom. The eight books against [[Celsus]], Contra Celsum ~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ were written in 248 in reply to the polemic of the pagan philosopher against Christianity.	+	The persecution of Maximinus was the occasion of the composition of the ''On Martyrdom'', which is preserved in the ''Exhortation to Martyrdom''. In it, Origen warns against any trifling with idolatry and emphasizes the duty of suffering martyrdom manfully; while in the second part he explains the meaning of martyrdom. The eight books against [[Celsus]], Contra Celsum were written in 248 in reply to the polemic of the pagan philosopher against Christianity.

-	[[Eusebius]] had a collection of more than one hundred letters of Origen,~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ and the list of Jerome speaks of several books of his epistles. Except for a few fragments, only a short letter to [[Gregory Thaumaturgus]] and the epistle to [[Sextus Julius Africanus]] (defending the authenticity of the Greek additions to the book of Daniel) have been preserved.	+	[[Eusebius]] had a collection of more than one hundred letters of Origen, and the list of Jerome speaks of several books of his epistles. Except for a few fragments, only a short letter to [[Gregory Thaumaturgus]] and the epistle to [[Sextus Julius Africanus]] (defending the authenticity of the Greek additions to the book of Daniel) have been preserved.

	For forgeries of the writings of Origen made in his lifetime cf. Rufinus, ''De adulteratione librorum Origenis''. The ''Dialogus de recta in Deum fide'', the ''[[Philosophumena]]'' of [[Hippolytus of Rome]], and the ''Commentary on Job'' by [[Julian of Halicarnassus]] have also been ascribed to him.		For forgeries of the writings of Origen made in his lifetime cf. Rufinus, ''De adulteratione librorum Origenis''. The ''Dialogus de recta in Deum fide'', the ''[[Philosophumena]]'' of [[Hippolytus of Rome]], and the ''Commentary on Job'' by [[Julian of Halicarnassus]] have also been ascribed to him.
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	===Eschatology===		===Eschatology===
-	His idealizing tendency to consider the spiritual alone as real, fundamental to his entire system, led him to combat the "rude"~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ or "crude"~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ [[Chiliasm]] (see [[Christian eschatology]]) of a sensual beyond. His position on the literal [[resurrection of the dead\|resurrection of physical bodies]] is difficult, but in both the Contra Celsum and On First Principles, Origen affirms some form of bodily resurrection, but eschews the notion that earthly bodies will be raised, on account of their gross materiality.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ Yet he constrained himself from breaking entirely with the distinct celestial hopes and representations of Paradise prevalent in the Church. He represents a progressive purification of souls, until, cleansed of all clouds of evil, they should know the truth and God as the Son knew him, see God face to face, and attain a full possession of the Holy Spirit and union with God. The means of attainment of this end were described by Origen in different ways, the most important of which was his concept of a purifying fire which should cleanse the world of evil and thus lead to cosmic renovation. By a further spiritualization Origen could call God himself this consuming fire. In proportion as the souls were freed from sin and ignorance, the material world was to pass away, until, after endless eons, at the final end, God should be all in all, and the worlds and spirits should return to a knowledge of God, in Greek this is called [[Apokatastasis]].	+	His idealizing tendency to consider the spiritual alone as real, fundamental to his entire system, led him to combat the "rude" or "crude" [[Chiliasm]] (see [[Christian eschatology]]) of a sensual beyond. His position on the literal [[resurrection of the dead\|resurrection of physical bodies]] is difficult, but in both the Contra Celsum and On First Principles, Origen affirms some form of bodily resurrection, but eschews the notion that earthly bodies will be raised, on account of their gross materiality. Yet he constrained himself from breaking entirely with the distinct celestial hopes and representations of Paradise prevalent in the Church. He represents a progressive purification of souls, until, cleansed of all clouds of evil, they should know the truth and God as the Son knew him, see God face to face, and attain a full possession of the Holy Spirit and union with God. The means of attainment of this end were described by Origen in different ways, the most important of which was his concept of a purifying fire which should cleanse the world of evil and thus lead to cosmic renovation. By a further spiritualization Origen could call God himself this consuming fire. In proportion as the souls were freed from sin and ignorance, the material world was to pass away, until, after endless eons, at the final end, God should be all in all, and the worlds and spirits should return to a knowledge of God, in Greek this is called [[Apokatastasis]].

	==Character==		==Character==
	<!---is this a good subsection title? maybe should be changed--->		<!---is this a good subsection title? maybe should be changed--->
-	In Origen the Christian Church had its first theologian.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ His teaching was not merely theoretical, but was also imbued with an intense ethical power. To the multitude to whom his instruction was beyond grasp, he left mediating images and symbols, as well as the final goal of attainment. In Origen Christianity blended with the pagan philosophy in which lived the desire for truth and the longing after God. When he died, however, he left no pupil who could succeed him, nor was the church of his period able to become his heir, and thus, his knowledge was buried. Three centuries later his very name was stricken from the books of the Church; yet in the monasteries of the Greeks his influence still lived on, as the spiritual father of Greek monasticism.	+	In Origen the Christian Church had its first theologian. His teaching was not merely theoretical, but was also imbued with an intense ethical power. To the multitude to whom his instruction was beyond grasp, he left mediating images and symbols, as well as the final goal of attainment. In Origen Christianity blended with the pagan philosophy in which lived the desire for truth and the longing after God. When he died, however, he left no pupil who could succeed him, nor was the church of his period able to become his heir, and thus, his knowledge was buried. Three centuries later his very name was stricken from the books of the Church; yet in the monasteries of the Greeks his influence still lived on, as the spiritual father of Greek monasticism.

	==Origen's influence on the later church==		==Origen's influence on the later church==
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	The anathema against him in his person, declaring him (among others) a heretic, reads as follows:		The anathema against him in his person, declaring him (among others) a heretic, reads as follows:

-	:If anyone does not anathematize Arius, Eunomius, Macedonius, Apollinaris, Nestorius, Eutyches and Origen, as well as their impious writings, as also all other heretics already condemned and anathematized by the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, and by the aforesaid four Holy Synods and [if anyone does not equally anathematize] all those who have held and hold or who in their impiety persist in holding to the end the same opinion as those heretics just mentioned: let him be anathema.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	:If anyone does not anathematize Arius, Eunomius, Macedonius, Apollinaris, Nestorius, Eutyches and Origen, as well as their impious writings, as also all other heretics already condemned and anathematized by the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, and by the aforesaid four Holy Synods and [if anyone does not equally anathematize] all those who have held and hold or who in their impiety persist in holding to the end the same opinion as those heretics just mentioned: let him be anathema.

	As a result of this condemnation, the writings of Origen supporting his teachings in these areas were destroyed. They were either outright destroyed, or they were translated with the appropriate adjustments to eliminate conflict with orthodox Christian doctrine. Therefore, little direct evidence remains to fully confirm or disprove Origen’s support of the nine points of anathema against him.		As a result of this condemnation, the writings of Origen supporting his teachings in these areas were destroyed. They were either outright destroyed, or they were translated with the appropriate adjustments to eliminate conflict with orthodox Christian doctrine. Therefore, little direct evidence remains to fully confirm or disprove Origen’s support of the nine points of anathema against him.

	===Anathemas (544, 553) ===		===Anathemas (544, 553) ===
-	Origen and a form of [[apocatastasis]] were condemned at the [[Synod of Constantinople (543)]] by the Patriarch [[Ecumenical Patriarch Mennas of Constantinople\|Mennas of Constantinople]] and the condemnation was ratified in 553 by the [[Second Council of Constantinople\|Fifth Ecumenical Council]]. Many heteroclite views became associated with Origen, and the 15 anathemas against him attributed to the council condemn a form of apocatastasis along with the pre-existence of the soul, animism (a heterodox Christology), and a denial of real and lasting resurrection of the body.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~ Some authorities believe these anathemas belong to an earlier local synod.~~<sup>[]</sup>~~	+	Origen and a form of [[apocatastasis]] were condemned at the [[Synod of Constantinople (543)]] by the Patriarch [[Ecumenical Patriarch Mennas of Constantinople\|Mennas of Constantinople]] and the condemnation was ratified in 553 by the [[Second Council of Constantinople\|Fifth Ecumenical Council]]. Many heteroclite views became associated with Origen, and the 15 anathemas against him attributed to the council condemn a form of apocatastasis along with the pre-existence of the soul, animism (a heterodox Christology), and a denial of real and lasting resurrection of the body. Some authorities believe these anathemas belong to an earlier local synod.