The Last Six Verses of Revelation: Difference between revisions

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:''Erasmus had a low view of the book of Revelation''
:''Erasmus had a low view of the book of Revelation''


==Revelation 22:16-21==
===[[Franz Delitzsch]]===
Revelation 22:16-21 KJV
[https://archive.org/details/handschriftlich00deligoog/page/n32/mode/2up?view=theater]


* [[Revelation 22:16|16]] [[1473|I]] [[2424|Jesus]] [[3992|have sent]] [[3450|mine]] [[32|angel]] [[3140|to testify]] [[5213|unto you]] [[5023|these things]] [[1909|in]] [[3588|the]] [[1577|churches]]. [[1473|I]] [[1510|am]] [[3588|the]] [[4491|root]] [[2532|and]] [[3588|the]] [[1085|offspring]] [[1138|of David]], ''and'' [[3588|the]] [[2986|bright]] [[2532|and]] [[3720|morning]] [[792|star]].


* [[Revelation 22:17|17]] [[2532|And]] [[3588|the]] [[4151|Spirit]] [[2532|and]] [[3588|the]] [[3565|bride]] [[3004|say]], [[2064|Come]]. [[2532|And]] [[191|let him that heareth]] [[2036|say]], [[2064|Come]]. [[2532|And]] [[1372|let him that is athirst]] [[2064|come]]. [[2532|And]] [[3588|whosoever]] [[2309|will]], [[2983|let him take]] [[3588|the]] [[5204|water]] [[2222|of life]] [[1432|freely]].


* [[Revelation 22:18|18]] [[1063|For]] [[4828|I testify]] [[3956|unto every man]] [[191|that heareth]] [[3588|the]] [[3056|words]] [[3588|of the]] [[4394|prophecy]] [[5127|of this]] [[975|book]], [[1437|If]] [[5100|any man]] [[2007|shall add]] [[4314|unto]] [[5023|these things]], [[2316|God]] [[2007|shall add]] [[1909|unto]] [[846|him]] [[3588|the]] [[4127|plagues]] [[1125|that are written]] [[1722|in]] [[5129|this]] [[975|book]]:
==Erasmus' Sources==
[[Image:Lauretianus Codex mention in Revelation 8.13.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Desiderius Erasmus]]'s [[1516 AD|1516]] annotations]]
[[Erasmus]] also examined the [[Lauretianus Codex]] in [[Revelation 8:13]] which was Laurentius Vallas manuscript with annotations.


* [[Revelation 22:19|19]] [[2532|And]] [[1437|if]] [[5100|any man]] [[851|shall take away]] [[575|from]] [[3588|the]] [[3056|words]] [[976|of the book]] [[5026|of this]] [[4394|prophecy]], [[2316|God]] [[851|shall take away]] [[846|his]] [[3313|part]] [[575|out of]] [[976|the book]] [[2222|of life]], [[2532|and]] [[1537|out of]] [[3588|the]] [[40|holy]] [[4172|city]], [[2532|and]] ''from'' [[1125|the things which are written]] [[1722|in]] [[5129|this]] [[975|book]].
[[Image:graecis exemplaribus in Revelation 1.6.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Desiderius Erasmus]]'s [[1516 AD|1516]] annotations]]
[[James White]] claims: “[[Erasmus]] used only one manuscript for Revelation”, but [[Erasmus]] said in [[Revelation 1:6]]  
:''“sic enim est in graecis exemplaribus...”''  
Translated as
:''“It is in the Greek copies (plural)...”''


* [[Revelation 22:20|20]] [[3140|He which testifieth]] [[5023|these things]] [[3004|saith]], [[3483|Surely]] [[2064|I come]] [[5035|quickly]]. [[281|Amen]]. [[3483|Even so]], [[2064|come]], [[2962|Lord]] [[2424|Jesus]].
Here are Erasmus's own words, from his Annotationes, page 675 (Full title: In Novum Testamentum annotationes, ab ipso autore iam quartum recognitae, & ex Graecis codicibus quos postea nactus est auctario neutiquam poenitendo locupletatae):
:Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla verba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; [B]ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.
In English:
:''However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin.''


* [[Revelation 22:21|21]] [[3588|The]] [[5485|grace]] [[2257|of our]] [[2962|Lord]] [[2424|Jesus]] [[5547|Christ]] ''be'' [[3326|with]] [[5216|you]] [[3956|all]]. [[281|Amen]].
Some more of Erasmus's own words, from his Responsio ad annotationes Eduardi Lei (“Answer to Edward Lee’s Annotations”), page 278:
:Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et erant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. ... Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hic fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hic coronis tantum est operis.
In English:
:There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna [gap] in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. ... And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that the authorship was once uncertain. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.


==Greek Editions==
Erasmus's own words, from his Apologia qua respondet duabis inuectiuis Eduardi Lei (“Defense which responds to Edward Lee’s two invectives”), pages 54-55:
[[Image:Revelation 22.16-21 erasmus 1516.jpg|thumb|300px|Revelation 22.16-21 in [[Desiderius Erasmus]]'s [[1516 AD|1516]] edition]]
:In calce Apocalypsis in exemplari quod tum nobis (erat unicum, nam is liber apud Graecos rarus est inventu), deerat unus atque alter versus. Eos nos addidimus, secuti Latinos codices. Et erant eiusmodi ut ex his quae praecesserant possent reponi. Cυm igitur Basileam mitterem recognitum exemplar, scripsi amicis ut ex aeditione Aldina restituerunt eum locum. Nam mihi nondum emptum erat hoc opus. Id ita, ut iussi, factum est. Queso, quid hic debetur Leo? An ipse quod deerat restituit? Atqui nullum habebat exemplar nisi meum. Sed admonuit. Quasi vero non hoc testatus sim in prioribus annotationibus, quid illic egissem et quid desyderarem.
The last six verses of Erasmus' first edition of 1516 claimed to be a back-translation from the Latin:
In English:
:At the end of the Apocalypse, the manuscript I used (I had only one, for the book is rarely found in Greek) was lacking one or two lines. I added them, following the Latin codices. They were of the kind that could be restored out of the preceding text. Thus, when I sent the revised copy to Basel, I wrote to my friends to restore the place out of the Aldine edition; for I had not yet bought that work. They did as I instructed them. What, I ask you, do I owe to Lee in this case? Did he himself restore what was missing? But he had no text except mine. Ah, but he warned me! As if I had not stated in the annotations of the first edition what I had done and what was missing.


;Erasmus 1516
====Scrivener====
:16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός.
Scrivener said in ''A plain introduction to the criticism of the New Testament'' concerning Erasmus that he may have used other Greek manuscripts for Revelation:
:17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω, καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
:As Apoc. 1 was mutilated in the last six verses, Erasmus turned these into Greek from the Latin; and some portions of his self-made version, which are found (however some editors may speak vaguely) in no one known Greek manuscript whatever, still cleave to our received text ^. Besides this scanty roll, however,<u>''' he not rarely refers in his Annotations to other manuscripts he had seen in the course of his travels (e. g. on Heb. i. 3 ; Apoc. i. 4 ; viii. 13), yet too indistinctly for his allusions to be of much use to critics.'''</u> Some such readings, as alleged by him, have not been found elsewhere (e. g. Acts xxiv. 23 ; Rom. xii. 20), and may have been cited loosely from distant recollection (comp. Col. iii. 3 ; Heb. iv. 13 ; 3 Pet. iii. 1 ; <u>'''Apoc. ii. 18'''</u>). <small>A plain introduction to the criticism of the New Testament for the use of Biblical students by Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose, 1813-1891; Miller, Edward, 1825-1901</small>
:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
:19 Καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βιβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βιβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
:20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα· ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ· Ἀμὴν καὶ ἔρχου Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
:21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν.


;Stephanus 1550
====Hoskier====
:16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός
[[Image:Hoskier in Apocalypse 2, p. 637.jpg|thumb|300px|Hoskier in Apocalypse 2, p. 637.]]
:17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε, καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε, καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω· καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν
[‘Ea tamen ex latinis adjecimus’ ''scripsit Erasmus'']
:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ θεὸς ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ :19 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ
:20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα, Ναί ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμήν, ναί, ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ
:21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν


;Beza 1598
====[[Gail Riplinger]]====
: ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς, καὶ ὀρθρινός.
[[Gail Riplinger]] commented on this verse in her book [[In Awe of Thy Word]], page 981:
:17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω, καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
:William Combs pretends that the last six verses of Revelation” contain “errors in the KJV. He blindly claims, They have no Greek manuscript support whatsoever (William Combs, Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal, Erasmus and the  Textus Receptus, Spring 1996, p. 47). The KJVs book of life is in Greek Manuscripts 051, 296, 2049, 2067 mg, as well as in the ancient Coptic and Arabic Bibles.  
:19 Καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βιβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βιβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
 
:20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα· ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμὴν καὶ ἔρχου Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
:Herman Hoskier, the pre-eminent collator of the manuscripts of Revelation, said Erasmus did not take this reading from the Latin, but from Greek Manuscript 2049 or 141. It is also in Andreas manuscripts.  
:21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν.
 
:Combs assertions dissolve when one looks in any critical apparatus. (Please check: von Soden, Tischendorfs 8th edition, Nestle-Aland 26th edition, Alford, United Bible Societies, Metzgers Textual Commentary, Hoskier: Revelation, Charles: Revelation.  


;Scrivener 1881
:See Hoskiers Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse. If the reader cannot access the cited critical editions, J. Moormans book, When the KJV Departs from the [false] Majority Text of Hodges-Farstad, contains this and much additional information. It is available from A.V. Publications.
:16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός.
:17 καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω· καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταὐτά, ἐπιθήσει ὁ Θεὸς ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
:19 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφαιρήσει ὁ Θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
:20 λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα, ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. ἀμήν. Ναί ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
:21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ημῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. ἀμήν.


{|border=1 cellpadding=5 style="text-align:left; border-collapse: collapse;
:Contrary to Combs footnoted list of KJV errors: • The word ”and” is in Rev. 22:16 in MSS 296 and 2066 and 17 of Hoskiers Greek cursives. •
|-
 
!|Verse
:The second ”and” is also in Rev. 22:17 in Greek MSS 209, 218, 254, 296, 1894, 2049, 2050, 2066, 2075, 2321, as well as in the ancient Syriac, Coptic, Arminian, and Arabic Bibles.
!|1881
 
!|1598
:In Rev. 22:18 ”for” is in Greek MS 2066 and 8 of Hoskiers cursives, as well as the ancient Coptic and Ethiopic Bibles.
!|1550
 
!|1535
:“And from the things which are written in this book” is in Rev. 22:19 in Greek MS 296, 2049 and the ancient Arabic Bible.
!|1527
 
!|1522
:Finally, ”you” is in Rev. 22:21 in Greek manuscript 296, 2050, 2066, and 15 of Hoskiers cursives, as well as in the ancient Ethiopic Bible. 
!|1519
 
!|1516
====NET Bible Notes====
!|1514
NET bible notes on the subject:
|-
:tc The Textus Receptus, on which the KJV rests, reads “the book” of life (ἀπὸ βίβλου, apo biblou) instead of “the tree” of life. '''<u>When the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus translated the NT he had access to no Greek mss for the last six verses of Revelation. So he translated the Latin Vulgate back into Greek at this point. As a result he created seventeen textual variants which were not in any Greek mss. The most notorious of these is this reading. It is thus decidedly inauthentic, while “the tree” of life, found in the best and virtually all Greek mss, is clearly authentic.</u>''' The confusion was most likely due to an intra-Latin switch: The form of the word for “tree” in Latin in this passage is ligno; the word for “book” is libro. The two-letter difference accounts for an accidental alteration in some Latin mss; that “book of life” as well as “tree of life” is a common expression in the Apocalypse probably accounts for why this was not noticed by Erasmus or the KJV translators. (This textual problem is not discussed in NA27.)
|valign=top align=left|22:16
 
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
====[[Jan Krans]]====
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
Dutch scholar [[Jan Krans]] (VU University, Amsterdam) has written a 19pp. refutation of the KJVO claims made by Thomas Holland in his book, Crowned with Glory, regarding the "tree of life"/"book of life" reading of Rev. 22:19.
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
 
|valign=top align=left|
Abstract:
|valign=top align=left|
:"With Thomas Holland's lengthy discussion of a reading in Rev 22:19 as an example, this article shows how Holland’s way of doing New Testament textual criticism falls short on all academic standards. With respect to the main issue, Erasmus’ retranslation of the final verses of Revelation, Holland fails to properly find, address and evaluate both primary and secondary sources."
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
http://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
 
|valign=top align=left|ο
http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v16/Krans2011.pdf
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:16
Krans characterizes Holland's work as a "sloppy (lack of) scholarship" (p.6) and openly calls Holland's academic qualifications into question (p.1, n.1) and chooses to "refrain from using the title 'Dr.' which he [Holland] himself consistently uses."
|valign=top align=left|ἀστὴρ
 
|valign=top align=left|ἀστὴρ
But strangely Krans rejects evidence from early Latin fathers by saying:
|valign=top align=left|ἀστὴρ
 
|valign=top align=left|
:"Are these Greek or Latin fathers and commentators? And if they are [[Latin]], do they depend on the Vulgate for their text? And if this is conceivable, why count them as 'evidence' for the reading 'book of life'?" - Textualcriticism list, July 24, 2006.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
But this is clearly stacking the evidence, as it is easily proven that early Latin writers were conversant also in Greek, and vice versa, and would have gladly used either Greek or Latin bibles. Also, any Latin quotes before 500 would most represent the Old Latin manuscripts rather than the Vulgate.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|ἀστὴρ
Krans states concerning Erasmus:
|valign=top align=left|αστήρ
:For Revelation, he based his Greek text on a single manuscript, minuscule 1r (now numbered 2814 according to the new Gregory-Aland number).2 This manuscript, however, lacks the final verses of the book, and in order to have a complete text, Erasmus retranslated these verses into Greek from the Latin. Elements of his retranslation survive in every edition of the so-called Textus Receptus, the standard text of the printed Greek New Testament until the nineteenth century.
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:16
Erasmus states more than once, as demonstrated infra, that he had several “copies” (“exemplars”) of even the scarcest text, the Apocalypse. For the latter, in at least one instance, he identifies his source: viz. the unpublished Aldine edition in Venice, which was based on manuscripts differing, in parts, from those drawn on by Erasmus for his first edition. In that instance a reading was obtained, on Erasmus’ instructions, by his co-editors in Basle, either in person, or by correspondence, from the Aldus printers. The exemplars mentioned by Erasmus were most probably, therefore, either his own copies of the “oldest and most correct” manuscripts, or those of his illustrious co-editors, supplementing the four original documents referred to supra. An example of the former is Erasmus’ “revised copy” (recognitum exemplar) of the text of the Apocalypse obtained from the Reuchlin codex which he sent to Basle to his co-editors, along with the instructions to procure from the Aldine edition the one reading he was missing. [http://www.christianhospitality.org/resources/bible-fraud-online/content/bible-fraud7.html]
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
 
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
Erasmus said in his own words:
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
 
|valign=top align=left|
:At the end of the Apocalypse, the manuscript I used (I had only one, for the book is rarely found in Greek) was lacking one or two lines. I added them, following the Latin codices. '''<u>They were of the kind that could be restored out of the preceding text. Thus, when I sent the revised copy to Basel, I wrote to my friends to restore the place out of the Aldine edition; for I had not yet bought that work. They did as I instructed them. What, I ask you, do I owe to Lee in this case? Did he himself restore what was missing? But he had no text except mine. Ah, but he warned me! As if I had not stated in the annotations of the first edition what I had done and what was missing.</u>'''
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
;Krans' biased Latin translation
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
On pages 55-56 Krans offers a translation of Erasmus that is different from scholar [https://www.amazon.com/Erika-Rummel/e/B001HO3BVS Erika Rummel].
|valign=top align=left|ο
 
|-
The Latin in Krans' book:
|valign=top align=left|22:16
 
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρὸς
"Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et erant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. ... Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hie fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hie coronis tantum est operis" (Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 11. 35-39.39-43; cf. p. 120 11. 303-304 and Apolog. resp. inuect. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, pp. 54-55 11. 894-914).
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρὸς,
 
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρὸς
Jan Krans:
|valign=top align=left|
:There was no doubt that some things were missing, and it was not much. Therefore we completed the Greek from our Latin texts, so that there might be no gap. We did not want to hide this from the reader, however, and acknowledged in the Annotationes what we had done, in order that, if our words differed in some respect from those that the author of this work had provided, the reader who obtained a manuscript could restore them. ... And even this that we did here we would not have dared to do in the case of the Gospels nor indeed in the apostolic Epistles. The style of this book is very simple and its contents are mostly narrative, let alone the fact that <u>'''its author has long since been unknown'''</u>. Finally this place is only the ending of the book.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
[https://www.amazon.com/Erika-Rummel/e/B001HO3BVS Erika Rummel]:
|valign=top align=left|
:There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. … And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that <u>'''the authorship was once uncertain'''</u>. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρός,
 
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρός
;Krans' failure to connect the dots
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:16
In Chapter 2, on Page 32, of Jan Krans' book ''[[Beyond What Is Written by Jan Krans|Beyond What is Written]]'', he shows more error that is parroted by [[James White]]. In the context of homoeoteleuton...
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
 
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
:"...Another clear description of the process can be found in Erasmus' reaction to one of Lee's criticisms: 
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
:::I felt that the scribe had made an error for the following reason: because the words 'in this book' occur twice, he turned his eyes to the second instance, omitting the words in between. There is no stone on which the copyists stumble more often.<sup>16</sup>..."
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
Krans then has the footnote:
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:"...16 "Sensimus autem scribam per eam occasionem errasse, quod cum bis ponatur ''in libro isto'' ille ad posterius oculos deflexerit relictis que sunt in medio. Siquidem ad nullum lapidem frequentius impingunt librarii" (''Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei'', ASD IX-4, p. 278 11. 32-34). This description is nice and clearly based on acquaintance with scribal practice, but <u>'''Erasmus is mistaken about the text-critical case he is describing. In min. 2814, the manuscript he used for Revelation in his first edition, the final verses of the book are not missing because of homoeoteleuton, but simply because a leaf of the manuscript is missing (actually — as is often stated — it is not the final leaf of the manuscript that is missing, but the leaf with, besides part of the commentary, the final verses of the text, to wit Rev 22:16-21, from the words ὁ ἀστὴρ at the end of verse 16 onwards).'''</u> It has to be granted, however, that min. 2814 or its Vorlage certainly suffered from homoeoteleuton at many places. One might conclude that homoeoteleuton phenomena were familiar to Erasmus to such an extent that he could even use them as a subterfuge when he no longer remembered the exact state of affairs. <u>'''For a harsher view, see Delitzsch, Handschriftliche Funde 1, pp. 14-15.'''</u>
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
 
|valign=top align=left|ο
Notice that Erasmus clearly said it was homoeoteleuton, but Krans is following the errors of Delitzsch and not recognizing the two separate issues, one related to the Greek manuscripts containing homoeoteleuton in Revelation 22:19, and the other being the last 6 verses of the Reuchlin’s codex (2814) which he traveled to examine. By mixing these events and claiming Erasmus had only one manuscript for Revelation, this opens up all types of speculation and erroneous conclusions.
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:16
In krans' book ''Erasmus and the Text of Revelation 22:19'' he writes in a footnote:
|valign=top align=left|ὀρθρινός.
:Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 ll. 35-39 and 39-43; cf. p. 120 ll. 303-304: “... quod in fine Apocalypsis paucula verba adiecerim Graeco codici ex nostris Latinis” (“... that at the end of Revelation I added some words to the Greek book on the basis of our Latin ones”). Translation Erika Rummel, CWE 72, p. 344. Instead of “the authorship was once uncertain”, I would prefer, with another nuance of “olim”, “the authorship has long since been uncertain”.
|valign=top align=left|ὀρθρινός.
 
|valign=top align=left|ὀρθρινός.
He admits he changed the entire meaning from Rummel by redefining Olim. The Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago. American Book Company, 1890 says:
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:ōlim adv.,
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:at that time, some time ago, once upon a time, once, formerly, of old: ut fuit olim Sisyphus, H.: sic olim loquebantur: ut erant olim: Alium esse censes nunc me, atque olim, T.—Once and again, now and then, at times, customarily, frequently, ever: saxum tunditur olim Fluctibus, etc., V.: ut pueris olim dant crustula Doctores, H.: ut olim vagantur apes, O.: Vestra meos olim si fistula dicat amores, if ever, V.—This long time, this good while: Audio quid veteres olim moneatis amici, Iu.—Of the future, one day, some time, hereafter: utinam coram tecum olim, potius quam per epistulas!: non si male nunc et olim Sic erit, H.: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit, V.
|valign=top align=left|ὀρθρινός.
 
|valign=top align=left|πρωϊνός.
:olim at that time, some time ago, once upon a time, once, formerly, of old (Lewis & Short Elem. Lewis)
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:17
==Timelines==
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
===The first quotation===
|valign=top align=left|Καὶ
====1516====
|valign=top align=left|Καὶ
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1516.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1516 at Revelation 22. Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla ver ba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.</small>]]
|valign=top align=left|
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1519.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1519 at Revelation 22. (omitted)</small>]]
|valign=top align=left|
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1522.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1522 at Revelation 22. (omitted)</small>]]
|valign=top align=left|
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1527.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1527 at Revelation 22. (omitted)</small>]]
|valign=top align=left|
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1535.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1535 at Revelation 22. (omitted)</small>]]
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
:Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla ver ba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.
|valign=top align=left|και
 
|-
:However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin.
|valign=top align=left|22:17
 
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
Annotationes 1516, p. 675 (Mistakenly marked as 675)
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
 
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
====1519====
|valign=top align=left|
:(Omit)
|valign=top align=left|
====1522====
|valign=top align=left|
:(Omit)
|valign=top align=left|
====1527====
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
:(Omit)
|valign=top align=left|το
====1535====
|-
:(Omit)
|valign=top align=left|22:17
 
|valign=top align=left|Πνεῦμα
So as we can see, Erasmus only quoted the words in the 1516 edition and no other. It seems clear that when Erasmus says: "However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin," that he is speaking about how the Greek was lacking in the Reuchlin Codex, and he filled it in from the Latin in his copy of that codex.
|valign=top align=left|πνεῦμα
 
|valign=top align=left|πνεῦμα
===Answer to Edward Lee’s Annotations===
|valign=top align=left|
[[Image:1520 Erasmus Responsio to Lee.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Responsio to Lee</small>]]
|valign=top align=left|
Erasmus replied to Lee in 1520.
|valign=top align=left|
:Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et er – ant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. … Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hic fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hic coronis tantum est operis.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|πνεῦμα
:There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. … And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that the authorship was once uncertain. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.
|valign=top align=left|πνεῦμα
 
|-
Source:  Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 ll. 35-39 and 39-43; cf. p. 120 ll. 303-304. (1520) Translated by Erika Rummel
|valign=top align=left|22:17
 
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
This section is actually dealing with one verse. Note: "There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few." 135 words of the last six verses are not "only a few".
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
 
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
==Revelation 22:16-21==
|valign=top align=left|
Revelation 22:16-21 KJV
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
* [[Revelation 22:16|16]] [[1473|I]] [[2424|Jesus]] [[3992|have sent]] [[3450|mine]] [[32|angel]] [[3140|to testify]] [[5213|unto you]] [[5023|these things]] [[1909|in]] [[3588|the]] [[1577|churches]]. [[1473|I]] [[1510|am]] [[3588|the]] [[4491|root]] [[2532|and]] [[3588|the]] [[1085|offspring]] [[1138|of David]], ''and'' [[3588|the]] [[2986|bright]] [[2532|and]] [[3720|morning]] [[792|star]].
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
* [[Revelation 22:17|17]] [[2532|And]] [[3588|the]] [[4151|Spirit]] [[2532|and]] [[3588|the]] [[3565|bride]] [[3004|say]], [[2064|Come]]. [[2532|And]] [[191|let him that heareth]] [[2036|say]], [[2064|Come]]. [[2532|And]] [[1372|let him that is athirst]] [[2064|come]]. [[2532|And]] [[3588|whosoever]] [[2309|will]], [[2983|let him take]] [[3588|the]] [[5204|water]] [[2222|of life]] [[1432|freely]].
|valign=top align=left|και
 
|-
* [[Revelation 22:18|18]] [[1063|For]] [[4828|I testify]] [[3956|unto every man]] [[191|that heareth]] [[3588|the]] [[3056|words]] [[3588|of the]] [[4394|prophecy]] [[5127|of this]] [[975|book]], [[1437|If]] [[5100|any man]] [[2007|shall add]] [[4314|unto]] [[5023|these things]], [[2316|God]] [[2007|shall add]] [[1909|unto]] [[846|him]] [[3588|the]] [[4127|plagues]] [[1125|that are written]] [[1722|in]] [[5129|this]] [[975|book]]:
|valign=top align=left|22:17
 
|valign=top align=left|
* [[Revelation 22:19|19]] [[2532|And]] [[1437|if]] [[5100|any man]] [[851|shall take away]] [[575|from]] [[3588|the]] [[3056|words]] [[976|of the book]] [[5026|of this]] [[4394|prophecy]], [[2316|God]] [[851|shall take away]] [[846|his]] [[3313|part]] [[575|out of]] [[976|the book]] [[2222|of life]], [[2532|and]] [[1537|out of]] [[3588|the]] [[40|holy]] [[4172|city]], [[2532|and]] ''from'' [[1125|the things which are written]] [[1722|in]] [[5129|this]] [[975|book]].
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
* [[Revelation 22:20|20]] [[3140|He which testifieth]] [[5023|these things]] [[3004|saith]], [[3483|Surely]] [[2064|I come]] [[5035|quickly]]. [[281|Amen]]. [[3483|Even so]], [[2064|come]], [[2962|Lord]] [[2424|Jesus]].
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
* [[Revelation 22:21|21]] [[3588|The]] [[5485|grace]] [[2257|of our]] [[2962|Lord]] [[2424|Jesus]] [[5547|Christ]] ''be'' [[3326|with]] [[5216|you]] [[3956|all]]. [[281|Amen]].
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
==Greek Editions==
|valign=top align=left|
[[Image:Revelation 22.16-21 erasmus 1516.jpg|thumb|300px|Revelation 22.16-21 in [[Desiderius Erasmus]]'s [[1516 AD|1516]] edition]]
|valign=top align=left|η
The last six verses of Erasmus' first edition of 1516 claimed to be a back-translation from the Latin:
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:17
;Erasmus 1516
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
:16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός.
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
:17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω, καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
|valign=top align=left|
:19 Καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βιβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βιβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
|valign=top align=left|
:20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα· ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ· Ἀμὴν καὶ ἔρχου Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
|valign=top align=left|
:21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
;Stephanus 1550
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
:16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός
|-
:17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε, καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε, καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω· καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν
|valign=top align=left|22:17
:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ θεὸς ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ :19 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν,
:20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα, Ναί ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμήν, ναί, ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν,
:21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν,
 
|valign=top align=left|
;Beza 1598
|valign=top align=left|
: ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς, καὶ ὀρθρινός.
|valign=top align=left|
:17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω, καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
|valign=top align=left|
:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν,
:19 Καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βιβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βιβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν
:20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα· ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμὴν καὶ ἔρχου Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
|-
:21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν.
|valign=top align=left|22:17
 
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε.
;Scrivener 1881
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε.
:16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός.
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε,
:17 καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω· καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
|valign=top align=left|
:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταὐτά, ἐπιθήσει ὁ Θεὸς ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
|valign=top align=left|
:19 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφαιρήσει ὁ Θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
|valign=top align=left|
:20 λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα, ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. ἀμήν. Ναί ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
|valign=top align=left|
:21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ημῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. ἀμήν.
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέ.
 
|valign=top align=left|έρχου.
{|border=1 cellpadding=5 style="text-align:left; border-collapse: collapse;
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
!|Verse
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
!|1881
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
!|1598
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
!|1550
|valign=top align=left|
!|1535
|valign=top align=left|
!|1527
|valign=top align=left|
!|1522
|valign=top align=left|
!|1519
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
!|1516
|valign=top align=left|και
!|1514
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:16
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
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|valign=top align=left|ο
|valign=top align=left|ο
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:16
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|ἀστὴρ
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|ἀστὴρ
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|ἀστὴρ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|ἀστὴρ
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|αστήρ
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:16
|valign=top align=left|εἰπάτω,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|εἰπάτω,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|εἰπάτω,
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
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|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|εἰπάτω,
|valign=top align=left|ο
|valign=top align=left|ειπάτω
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:16
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε.
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρὸς
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε.
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρὸς,
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε,
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρὸς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέ.
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρός,
|valign=top align=left|έρχου.
|valign=top align=left|λαμπρός
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:16
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
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|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|και
|valign=top align=left|ο
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:16
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ὀρθρινός.
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ὀρθρινός.
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ὀρθρινός.
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|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ὀρθρινός.
|valign=top align=left|ο
|valign=top align=left|πρωϊνός.
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν
|valign=top align=left|Καὶ
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν
|valign=top align=left|Καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν,
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν
|valign=top align=left|και
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω·
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω,
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω·
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|το
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|Πνεῦμα
|valign=top align=left|πνεῦμα
|valign=top align=left|πνεῦμα
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω.
|valign=top align=left|πνεῦμα
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω·
|valign=top align=left|πνεῦμα
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
Line 329: Line 339:
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 335: Line 344:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|και
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|η
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|θέλων
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
|valign=top align=left|θέλων
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|νύμφη
|valign=top align=left|θέλων
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|λαμβανέτω
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν,
|valign=top align=left|λαμβανέτω
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν,
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|λέγουσιν
|valign=top align=left|λαμβανέτω
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε.
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε.
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέ.
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|έρχου.
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|ὕδωρ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|ὕδωρ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|και
|valign=top align=left|ύδωρ
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|ζωῆς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ζωῆς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ο
|valign=top align=left|ζωής
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|δωρεάν.
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|δωρεάν.
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούων
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|εἰπάτω,
|valign=top align=left|εἰπάτω,
|valign=top align=left|εἰπάτω,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|δωρεάν.
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|Συμμαρτυροῦμαι
|valign=top align=left|Συμμαρτυροῦμαι
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|εἰπάτω,
|valign=top align=left|ειπάτω
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε.
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε.
|valign=top align=left|Ἐλθε,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέ.
|valign=top align=left|έρχου.
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|γὰρ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|γὰρ
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|και
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|παντὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|παντὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
|valign=top align=left|ο
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούοντι
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούοντι
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν,
|valign=top align=left|διψῶν
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω·
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω,
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω·
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω.
|valign=top align=left|ἐλθέτω·
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|τοὺς
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|τοὺς
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 467: Line 498:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|λόγους
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|λόγους
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 478: Line 509:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ὁ
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|θέλων
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|θέλων
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 489: Line 520:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|θέλων
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|προφητείας
|valign=top align=left|λαμβανέτω
|valign=top align=left|προφητείας
|valign=top align=left|λαμβανέτω
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 500: Line 531:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|λαμβανέτω
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|τοῦ
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|τοῦ
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 511: Line 542:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίου
|valign=top align=left|ὕδωρ
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίου
|valign=top align=left|ὕδωρ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 522: Line 553:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ύδωρ
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|τούτου,
|valign=top align=left|ζωῆς
|valign=top align=left|τούτου,
|valign=top align=left|ζωῆς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 533: Line 564:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ζωής
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:17
|valign=top align=left|ἐάν
|valign=top align=left|δωρεάν.
|valign=top align=left|ἐάν
|valign=top align=left|δωρεάν.
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 544: Line 575:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|δωρεάν.
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|τις
|valign=top align=left|Συμμαρτυροῦμαι
|valign=top align=left|τις
|valign=top align=left|Συμμαρτυροῦμαι
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 557: Line 589:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἐπιτιθῇ
|valign=top align=left|γὰρ
|valign=top align=left|ἐπιτιθῇ
|valign=top align=left|γὰρ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 568: Line 600:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|πρὸς
|valign=top align=left|παντὶ
|valign=top align=left|πρὸς
|valign=top align=left|παντὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 579: Line 611:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ταὐτά,
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούοντι
|valign=top align=left|ταῦτα,
|valign=top align=left|ἀκούοντι
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 590: Line 622:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἐπιθήσει
|valign=top align=left|τοὺς
|valign=top align=left|ἐπιθήσει
|valign=top align=left|τοὺς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 601: Line 633:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|λόγους
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|λόγους
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 612: Line 644:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|Θεὸς
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|Print error
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 623: Line 655:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἐπ’
|valign=top align=left|προφητείας
|valign=top align=left|ἐπ᾽
|valign=top align=left|προφητείας
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 634: Line 666:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|αὐτὸν
|valign=top align=left|τοῦ
|valign=top align=left|αὐτὸν
|valign=top align=left|τοῦ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 645: Line 677:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|τὰς
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίου
|valign=top align=left|τὰς
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίου
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 656: Line 688:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|πληγὰς
|valign=top align=left|τούτου,
|valign=top align=left|πληγὰς
|valign=top align=left|τούτου,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 667: Line 699:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|τὰς
|valign=top align=left|ἐάν
|valign=top align=left|τὰς
|valign=top align=left|ἐάν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 678: Line 710:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|γεγραμμένας
|valign=top align=left|τις
|valign=top align=left|γεγραμμένας
|valign=top align=left|τις
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 689: Line 721:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἐν
|valign=top align=left|ἐπιτιθῇ
|valign=top align=left|ἐν
|valign=top align=left|ἐπιτιθῇ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 700: Line 732:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίῳ
|valign=top align=left|πρὸς
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίῳ
|valign=top align=left|πρὸς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 711: Line 743:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|τούτῳ·
|valign=top align=left|ταὐτά,
|valign=top align=left|τούτῳ·
|valign=top align=left|ταῦτα,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 721: Line 753:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|ἐπιθήσει
|valign=top align=left|Καὶ
|valign=top align=left|ἐπιθήσει
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 732: Line 764:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἐάν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἐάν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 743: Line 775:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|τις
|valign=top align=left|Θεὸς
|valign=top align=left|τις
|valign=top align=left|Print error
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 754: Line 786:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἀφαιρῇ
|valign=top align=left|ἐπ’
|valign=top align=left|ἀφέλῃ
|valign=top align=left|ἐπ᾽
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 765: Line 797:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἀπὸ
|valign=top align=left|αὐτὸν
|valign=top align=left|ἀπὸ
|valign=top align=left|αὐτὸν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 776: Line 808:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|τῶν
|valign=top align=left|τὰς
|valign=top align=left|τῶν
|valign=top align=left|τὰς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 787: Line 819:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|λόγων
|valign=top align=left|πληγὰς
|valign=top align=left|λόγων
|valign=top align=left|πληγὰς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 798: Line 830:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|βίβλου
|valign=top align=left|τὰς
|valign=top align=left|βιβλου
|valign=top align=left|τὰς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 809: Line 841:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|γεγραμμένας
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|γεγραμμένας
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 820: Line 852:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|προφητείας
|valign=top align=left|ἐν
|valign=top align=left|προφητείας
|valign=top align=left|ἐν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 831: Line 863:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ταύτης,
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίῳ
|valign=top align=left|ταύτης,
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίῳ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 842: Line 874:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:18
|valign=top align=left|ἀφαιρήσει
|valign=top align=left|τούτῳ·
|valign=top align=left|ἀφελεῖ
|valign=top align=left|τούτῳ·
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 854: Line 886:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|Καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 865: Line 897:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|Θεὸς
|valign=top align=left|ἐάν
|valign=top align=left|θεὸς
|valign=top align=left|ἐάν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 876: Line 908:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|τις
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|τις
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 887: Line 919:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|μέρος
|valign=top align=left|ἀφαιρῇ
|valign=top align=left|μέρος
|valign=top align=left|ἀφέλῃ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 898: Line 930:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|αὐτοῦ
|valign=top align=left|ἀπὸ
|valign=top align=left|αὐτοῦ
|valign=top align=left|ἀπὸ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 909: Line 941:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ἀπὸ
|valign=top align=left|τῶν
|valign=top align=left|ἀπὸ
|valign=top align=left|τῶν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 920: Line 952:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|βίβλου
|valign=top align=left|λόγων
|valign=top align=left|βιβλου
|valign=top align=left|λόγων
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 931: Line 963:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|βίβλου
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|βιβλου
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 942: Line 974:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ζωῆς,
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|ζωῆς,
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 953: Line 985:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|προφητείας
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|προφητείας
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 964: Line 996:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ἐκ
|valign=top align=left|ταύτης,
|valign=top align=left|ἐκ
|valign=top align=left|ταύτης,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 975: Line 1,007:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|ἀφαιρήσει
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|ἀφελεῖ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 986: Line 1,018:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|πόλεως
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|πόλεως
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 997: Line 1,029:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|Θεὸς
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|θεὸς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,008: Line 1,040:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ἁγίας,
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|ἁγίας,
|valign=top align=left|τὸ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,019: Line 1,051:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|μέρος
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|μέρος
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,030: Line 1,062:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|τῶν
|valign=top align=left|αὐτοῦ
|valign=top align=left|τῶν
|valign=top align=left|αὐτοῦ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,041: Line 1,073:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|γεγραμμένων
|valign=top align=left|ἀπὸ
|valign=top align=left|γεγραμμένων
|valign=top align=left|ἀπὸ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,052: Line 1,084:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ἐν
|valign=top align=left|βίβλου
|valign=top align=left|ἐν
|valign=top align=left|βιβλου
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,063: Line 1,095:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίῳ
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίῳ
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,074: Line 1,106:
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|τούτῳ.
|valign=top align=left|ζωῆς,
|valign=top align=left|τούτῳ.
|valign=top align=left|ζωῆς,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,084: Line 1,116:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|λέγει
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|Λέγει
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,095: Line 1,127:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἐκ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|ἐκ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,106: Line 1,138:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|μαρτυρῶν
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|μαρτυρῶν
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,117: Line 1,149:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ταῦτα,
|valign=top align=left|πόλεως
|valign=top align=left|ταῦτα·
|valign=top align=left|πόλεως
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,128: Line 1,160:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ναί,
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|ναί,
|valign=top align=left|τῆς
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,139: Line 1,171:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ἔρχομαι
|valign=top align=left|ἁγίας,
|valign=top align=left|ἔρχομαι
|valign=top align=left|ἁγίας,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,150: Line 1,182:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ταχύ.
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|ταχύ.
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,161: Line 1,193:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ἀμήν.
|valign=top align=left|τῶν
|valign=top align=left|Ἀμὴν
|valign=top align=left|τῶν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,172: Line 1,204:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|Ναί
|valign=top align=left|γεγραμμένων
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
|valign=top align=left|γεγραμμένων
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,183: Line 1,215:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|ἔρχου
|valign=top align=left|ἐν
|valign=top align=left|ἔρχου
|valign=top align=left|ἐν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,194: Line 1,226:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|Κύριε
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίῳ
|valign=top align=left|Κύριε
|valign=top align=left|βιβλίῳ
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,205: Line 1,237:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|22:19
|valign=top align=left|Ἰησοῦ.
|valign=top align=left|τούτῳ.
|valign=top align=left|Ἰησοῦ.
|valign=top align=left|τούτῳ.
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,216: Line 1,248:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|λέγει
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|Λέγει
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,227: Line 1,259:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|χάρις
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|χάρις
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,238: Line 1,270:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|τοῦ
|valign=top align=left|μαρτυρῶν
|valign=top align=left|τοῦ
|valign=top align=left|μαρτυρῶν
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,249: Line 1,281:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|Κυρίου
|valign=top align=left|ταῦτα,
|valign=top align=left|Κυρίου
|valign=top align=left|ταῦτα·
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,260: Line 1,292:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|ημῶν
|valign=top align=left|ναί,
|valign=top align=left|ἡμῶν
|valign=top align=left|ναί,
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
Line 1,271: Line 1,303:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|Ἰησοῦ
|valign=top align=left|ἔρχομαι
|valign=top align=left|Ἰησοῦ
|valign=top align=left|ἔρχομαι
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Line 1,282: Line 1,314:
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|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|Χριστοῦ
|valign=top align=left|ταχύ.
|valign=top align=left|Χριστοῦ
|valign=top align=left|ταχύ.
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Line 1,293: Line 1,325:
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|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|μετὰ
|valign=top align=left|ἀμήν.
|valign=top align=left|μετὰ
|valign=top align=left|Ἀμὴν
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|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|πάντων
|valign=top align=left|Ναί
|valign=top align=left|πάντων
|valign=top align=left|καὶ
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|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|ὑμῶν.
|valign=top align=left|ἔρχου
|valign=top align=left|ὑμῶν.
|valign=top align=left|ἔρχου
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|-
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:21
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|ἀμήν.
|valign=top align=left|Κύριε
|valign=top align=left|Ἀμήν.
|valign=top align=left|Κύριε
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|-
|valign=top align=left|22:20
|valign=top align=left|Ἰησοῦ.
|valign=top align=left|Ἰησοῦ.
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Line 1,336: Line 1,379:
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|}
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:21
(Unfinished chart)
|valign=top align=left|Ἡ
 
|valign=top align=left|Ἡ
==Erasmus' Sources==
|valign=top align=left|
[[Image:Lauretianus Codex mention in Revelation 8.13.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Desiderius Erasmus]]'s [[1516 AD|1516]] annotations]]
|valign=top align=left|
[[Erasmus]] also examined the [[Lauretianus Codex]] in [[Revelation 8:13]] which was Laurentius Vallas manuscript with annotations.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
[[Image:graecis exemplaribus in Revelation 1.6.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Desiderius Erasmus]]'s [[1516 AD|1516]] annotations]]
|valign=top align=left|
[[James White]] claims: “[[Erasmus]] used only one manuscript for Revelation”, but [[Erasmus]] said in [[Revelation 1:6]]
|valign=top align=left|
:''“sic enim est in graecis exemplaribus...”''
|valign=top align=left|
Translated as
|-
:''“It is in the Greek copies (plural)...”''
|valign=top align=left|22:21
 
|valign=top align=left|χάρις
Here are Erasmus's own words, from his Annotationes, page 675 (Full title: In Novum Testamentum annotationes, ab ipso autore iam quartum recognitae, & ex Graecis codicibus quos postea nactus est auctario neutiquam poenitendo locupletatae):
|valign=top align=left|χάρις
:Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla verba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; [B]ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.
|valign=top align=left|
In English:
|valign=top align=left|
:''However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin.''
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
Some more of Erasmus's own words, from his Responsio ad annotationes Eduardi Lei (“Answer to Edward Lee’s Annotations”), page 278:
|valign=top align=left|
:Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et erant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. ... Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hic fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hic coronis tantum est operis.
|valign=top align=left|
In English:
|valign=top align=left|
:There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna [gap] in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. ... And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that the authorship was once uncertain. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:21
Erasmus's own words, from his Apologia qua respondet duabis inuectiuis Eduardi Lei (“Defense which responds to Edward Lee’s two invectives”), pages 54-55:
|valign=top align=left|τοῦ
:In calce Apocalypsis in exemplari quod tum nobis (erat unicum, nam is liber apud Graecos rarus est inventu), deerat unus atque alter versus. Eos nos addidimus, secuti Latinos codices. Et erant eiusmodi ut ex his quae praecesserant possent reponi. Cυm igitur Basileam mitterem recognitum exemplar, scripsi amicis ut ex aeditione Aldina restituerunt eum locum. Nam mihi nondum emptum erat hoc opus. Id ita, ut iussi, factum est. Queso, quid hic debetur Leo? An ipse quod deerat restituit? Atqui nullum habebat exemplar nisi meum. Sed admonuit. Quasi vero non hoc testatus sim in prioribus annotationibus, quid illic egissem et quid desyderarem.
|valign=top align=left|τοῦ
In English:
|valign=top align=left|
:At the end of the Apocalypse, the manuscript I used (I had only one, for the book is rarely found in Greek) was lacking one or two lines. I added them, following the Latin codices. They were of the kind that could be restored out of the preceding text. Thus, when I sent the revised copy to Basel, I wrote to my friends to restore the place out of the Aldine edition; for I had not yet bought that work. They did as I instructed them. What, I ask you, do I owe to Lee in this case? Did he himself restore what was missing? But he had no text except mine. Ah, but he warned me! As if I had not stated in the annotations of the first edition what I had done and what was missing.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
====Scrivener====
|valign=top align=left|
Scrivener said in ''A plain introduction to the criticism of the New Testament'' concerning Erasmus that he may have used other Greek manuscripts for Revelation:
|valign=top align=left|
:As Apoc. 1 was mutilated in the last six verses, Erasmus turned these into Greek from the Latin; and some portions of his self-made version, which are found (however some editors may speak vaguely) in no one known Greek manuscript whatever, still cleave to our received text ^. Besides this scanty roll, however,<u>''' he not rarely refers in his Annotations to other manuscripts he had seen in the course of his travels (e. g. on Heb. i. 3 ; Apoc. i. 4 ; viii. 13), yet too indistinctly for his allusions to be of much use to critics.'''</u> Some such readings, as alleged by him, have not been found elsewhere (e. g. Acts xxiv. 23 ; Rom. xii. 20), and may have been cited loosely from distant recollection (comp. Col. iii. 3 ; Heb. iv. 13 ; 3 Pet. iii. 1 ; <u>'''Apoc. ii. 18'''</u>). <small>A plain introduction to the criticism of the New Testament for the use of Biblical students by Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose, 1813-1891; Miller, Edward, 1825-1901</small>
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
====Hoskier====
|-
[[Image:Hoskier in Apocalypse 2, p. 637.jpg|thumb|300px|Hoskier in Apocalypse 2, p. 637.]]
|valign=top align=left|22:21
[‘Ea tamen ex latinis adjecimus’ ''scripsit Erasmus'']
|valign=top align=left|Κυρίου
 
|valign=top align=left|Κυρίου
====[[Gail Riplinger]]====
|valign=top align=left|
[[Gail Riplinger]] commented on this verse in her book [[In Awe of Thy Word]], page 981:
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
:William Combs pretends that the last six verses of Revelation” contain “errors in the KJV. He blindly claims, They have no Greek manuscript support whatsoever (William Combs, Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal, Erasmus and the  Textus Receptus, Spring 1996, p. 47). The KJVs book of life is in Greek Manuscripts 051, 296, 2049, 2067 mg, as well as in the ancient Coptic and Arabic Bibles.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:Herman Hoskier, the pre-eminent collator of the manuscripts of Revelation, said Erasmus did not take this reading from the Latin, but from Greek Manuscript 2049 or 141. It is also in Andreas manuscripts.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:Combs assertions dissolve when one looks in any critical apparatus. (Please check: von Soden, Tischendorfs 8th edition, Nestle-Aland 26th edition, Alford, United Bible Societies, Metzgers Textual Commentary, Hoskier: Revelation, Charles: Revelation.
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:21
:See Hoskiers Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse. If the reader cannot access the cited critical editions, J. Moormans book, When the KJV Departs from the [false] Majority Text of Hodges-Farstad, contains this and much additional information. It is available from A.V. Publications.
|valign=top align=left|ημῶν
 
|valign=top align=left|ἡμῶν
:Contrary to Combs footnoted list of KJV errors: • The word ”and” is in Rev. 22:16 in MSS 296 and 2066 and 17 of Hoskiers Greek cursives. •
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:The second ”and” is also in Rev. 22:17 in Greek MSS 209, 218, 254, 296, 1894, 2049, 2050, 2066, 2075, 2321, as well as in the ancient Syriac, Coptic, Arminian, and Arabic Bibles.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:In Rev. 22:18 ”for” is in Greek MS 2066 and 8 of Hoskiers cursives, as well as the ancient Coptic and Ethiopic Bibles.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:“And from the things which are written in this book” is in Rev. 22:19 in Greek MS 296, 2049 and the ancient Arabic Bible.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|-
:Finally, ”you” is in Rev. 22:21 in Greek manuscript 296, 2050, 2066, and 15 of Hoskiers cursives, as well as in the ancient Ethiopic Bible. 
|valign=top align=left|22:21
 
|valign=top align=left|Ἰησοῦ
====NET Bible Notes====
|valign=top align=left|Ἰησοῦ
NET bible notes on the subject:
|valign=top align=left|
:tc The Textus Receptus, on which the KJV rests, reads “the book” of life (ἀπὸ βίβλου, apo biblou) instead of “the tree” of life. '''<u>When the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus translated the NT he had access to no Greek mss for the last six verses of Revelation. So he translated the Latin Vulgate back into Greek at this point. As a result he created seventeen textual variants which were not in any Greek mss. The most notorious of these is this reading. It is thus decidedly inauthentic, while “the tree” of life, found in the best and virtually all Greek mss, is clearly authentic.</u>''' The confusion was most likely due to an intra-Latin switch: The form of the word for “tree” in Latin in this passage is ligno; the word for “book” is libro. The two-letter difference accounts for an accidental alteration in some Latin mss; that “book of life” as well as “tree of life” is a common expression in the Apocalypse probably accounts for why this was not noticed by Erasmus or the KJV translators. (This textual problem is not discussed in NA27.)
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
====[[Jan Krans]]====
|valign=top align=left|
Dutch scholar [[Jan Krans]] (VU University, Amsterdam) has written a 19pp. refutation of the KJVO claims made by Thomas Holland in his book, Crowned with Glory, regarding the "tree of life"/"book of life" reading of Rev. 22:19.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
Abstract:
|valign=top align=left|
:"With Thomas Holland's lengthy discussion of a reading in Rev 22:19 as an example, this article shows how Holland’s way of doing New Testament textual criticism falls short on all academic standards. With respect to the main issue, Erasmus’ retranslation of the final verses of Revelation, Holland fails to properly find, address and evaluate both primary and secondary sources."
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:21
http://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/
|valign=top align=left|Χριστοῦ
 
|valign=top align=left|Χριστοῦ
http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v16/Krans2011.pdf
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
Krans characterizes Holland's work as a "sloppy (lack of) scholarship" (p.6) and openly calls Holland's academic qualifications into question (p.1, n.1) and chooses to "refrain from using the title 'Dr.' which he [Holland] himself consistently uses."
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
But strangely Krans rejects evidence from early Latin fathers by saying:
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:"Are these Greek or Latin fathers and commentators? And if they are [[Latin]], do they depend on the Vulgate for their text? And if this is conceivable, why count them as 'evidence' for the reading 'book of life'?" - Textualcriticism list, July 24, 2006.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|-
But this is clearly stacking the evidence, as it is easily proven that early Latin writers were conversant also in Greek, and vice versa, and would have gladly used either Greek or Latin bibles. Also, any Latin quotes before 500 would most represent the Old Latin manuscripts rather than the Vulgate.
|valign=top align=left|22:21
 
|valign=top align=left|μετὰ
Krans states concerning Erasmus:
|valign=top align=left|μετὰ
:For Revelation, he based his Greek text on a single manuscript, minuscule 1r (now numbered 2814 according to the new Gregory-Aland number).2 This manuscript, however, lacks the final verses of the book, and in order to have a complete text, Erasmus retranslated these verses into Greek from the Latin. Elements of his retranslation survive in every edition of the so-called Textus Receptus, the standard text of the printed Greek New Testament until the nineteenth century.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
Erasmus states more than once, as demonstrated infra, that he had several “copies” (“exemplars”) of even the scarcest text, the Apocalypse. For the latter, in at least one instance, he identifies his source: viz. the unpublished Aldine edition in Venice, which was based on manuscripts differing, in parts, from those drawn on by Erasmus for his first edition. In that instance a reading was obtained, on Erasmus’ instructions, by his co-editors in Basle, either in person, or by correspondence, from the Aldus printers. The exemplars mentioned by Erasmus were most probably, therefore, either his own copies of the “oldest and most correct” manuscripts, or those of his illustrious co-editors, supplementing the four original documents referred to supra. An example of the former is Erasmus’ “revised copy” (recognitum exemplar) of the text of the Apocalypse obtained from the Reuchlin codex which he sent to Basle to his co-editors, along with the instructions to procure from the Aldine edition the one reading he was missing. [http://www.christianhospitality.org/resources/bible-fraud-online/content/bible-fraud7.html]
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
Erasmus said in his own words:
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:At the end of the Apocalypse, the manuscript I used (I had only one, for the book is rarely found in Greek) was lacking one or two lines. I added them, following the Latin codices. '''<u>They were of the kind that could be restored out of the preceding text. Thus, when I sent the revised copy to Basel, I wrote to my friends to restore the place out of the Aldine edition; for I had not yet bought that work. They did as I instructed them. What, I ask you, do I owe to Lee in this case? Did he himself restore what was missing? But he had no text except mine. Ah, but he warned me! As if I had not stated in the annotations of the first edition what I had done and what was missing.</u>'''
|valign=top align=left|
 
|-
;Krans' biased Latin translation
|valign=top align=left|22:21
 
|valign=top align=left|πάντων
On pages 55-56 Krans offers a translation of Erasmus that is different from scholar [https://www.amazon.com/Erika-Rummel/e/B001HO3BVS Erika Rummel].
|valign=top align=left|πάντων
 
|valign=top align=left|
The Latin in Krans' book:
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
"Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et erant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. ... Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hie fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hie coronis tantum est operis" (Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 11. 35-39.39-43; cf. p. 120 11. 303-304 and Apolog. resp. inuect. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, pp. 54-55 11. 894-914).  
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
Jan Krans:
|valign=top align=left|
:There was no doubt that some things were missing, and it was not much. Therefore we completed the Greek from our Latin texts, so that there might be no gap. We did not want to hide this from the reader, however, and acknowledged in the Annotationes what we had done, in order that, if our words differed in some respect from those that the author of this work had provided, the reader who obtained a manuscript could restore them. ... And even this that we did here we would not have dared to do in the case of the Gospels nor indeed in the apostolic Epistles. The style of this book is very simple and its contents are mostly narrative, let alone the fact that <u>'''its author has long since been unknown'''</u>. Finally this place is only the ending of the book.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|-
[https://www.amazon.com/Erika-Rummel/e/B001HO3BVS Erika Rummel]:
|valign=top align=left|22:21
:There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. … And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that <u>'''the authorship was once uncertain'''</u>. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.
|valign=top align=left|ὑμῶν.
 
|valign=top align=left|ὑμῶν.
;Krans' failure to connect the dots
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
In Chapter 2, on Page 32, of Jan Krans' book ''[[Beyond What Is Written by Jan Krans|Beyond What is Written]]'', he shows more error that is parroted by [[James White]]. In the context of homoeoteleuton...
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
:"...Another clear description of the process can be found in Erasmus' reaction to one of Lee's criticisms: 
|valign=top align=left|
:::I felt that the scribe had made an error for the following reason: because the words 'in this book' occur twice, he turned his eyes to the second instance, omitting the words in between. There is no stone on which the copyists stumble more often.<sup>16</sup>..."
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
Krans then has the footnote:
|-
 
|valign=top align=left|22:21
:"...16 "Sensimus autem scribam per eam occasionem errasse, quod cum bis ponatur ''in libro isto'' ille ad posterius oculos deflexerit relictis que sunt in medio. Siquidem ad nullum lapidem frequentius impingunt librarii" (''Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei'', ASD IX-4, p. 278 11. 32-34). This description is nice and clearly based on acquaintance with scribal practice, but <u>'''Erasmus is mistaken about the text-critical case he is describing. In min. 2814, the manuscript he used for Revelation in his first edition, the final verses of the book are not missing because of homoeoteleuton, but simply because a leaf of the manuscript is missing (actually — as is often stated — it is not the final leaf of the manuscript that is missing, but the leaf with, besides part of the commentary, the final verses of the text, to wit Rev 22:16-21, from the words ὁ ἀστὴρ at the end of verse 16 onwards).'''</u> It has to be granted, however, that min. 2814 or its Vorlage certainly suffered from homoeoteleuton at many places. One might conclude that homoeoteleuton phenomena were familiar to Erasmus to such an extent that he could even use them as a subterfuge when he no longer remembered the exact state of affairs. <u>'''For a harsher view, see Delitzsch, Handschriftliche Funde 1, pp. 14-15.'''</u>
|valign=top align=left|ἀμήν.
 
|valign=top align=left|Ἀμήν.
Notice that Erasmus clearly said it was homoeoteleuton, but Krans is following the errors of Delitzsch and not recognizing the two separate issues, one related to the Greek manuscripts containing homoeoteleuton in Revelation 22:19, and the other being the last 6 verses of the Reuchlin’s codex (2814) which he traveled to examine. By mixing these events and claiming Erasmus had only one manuscript for Revelation, this opens up all types of speculation and erroneous conclusions.
|valign=top align=left|
 
|valign=top align=left|
In krans' book ''Erasmus and the Text of Revelation 22:19'' he writes in a footnote:
|valign=top align=left|
:Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 ll. 35-39 and 39-43; cf. p. 120 ll. 303-304: “... quod in fine Apocalypsis paucula verba adiecerim Graeco codici ex nostris Latinis” (“... that at the end of Revelation I added some words to the Greek book on the basis of our Latin ones”). Translation Erika Rummel, CWE 72, p. 344. Instead of “the authorship was once uncertain”, I would prefer, with another nuance of “olim”, “the authorship has long since been uncertain”.
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|valign=top align=left|
|}


He admits he changed the entire meaning from Rummel by redefining Olim. The Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago. American Book Company, 1890 says:
(Unfinished chart)
 
:ōlim adv.,
 
:at that time, some time ago, once upon a time, once, formerly, of old: ut fuit olim Sisyphus, H.: sic olim loquebantur: ut erant olim: Alium esse censes nunc me, atque olim, T.—Once and again, now and then, at times, customarily, frequently, ever: saxum tunditur olim Fluctibus, etc., V.: ut pueris olim dant crustula Doctores, H.: ut olim vagantur apes, O.: Vestra meos olim si fistula dicat amores, if ever, V.—This long time, this good while: Audio quid veteres olim moneatis amici, Iu.—Of the future, one day, some time, hereafter: utinam coram tecum olim, potius quam per epistulas!: non si male nunc et olim Sic erit, H.: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit, V.
 
:olim at that time, some time ago, once upon a time, once, formerly, of old (Lewis & Short Elem. Lewis)
 
==Timelines==
===The first quotation===
====1516====
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1516.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1516 at Revelation 22. Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla ver ba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.</small>]]
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1519.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1519 at Revelation 22. (omitted)</small>]]
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1522.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1522 at Revelation 22. (omitted)</small>]]
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1527.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1527 at Revelation 22. (omitted)</small>]]
[[Image:Revelation 22 Erasmus Annotationes 1535.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Annotationes of 1535 at Revelation 22. (omitted)</small>]]
:Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla ver ba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.
 
:However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin.
 
Annotationes 1516, p. 675 (Mistakenly marked as 675)
 
====1519====
:(Omit)
====1522====
:(Omit)
====1527====
:(Omit)
====1535====
:(Omit)
 
So as we can see, Erasmus only quoted the words in the 1516 edition and no other. It seems clear that when Erasmus says: "However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin," that he is speaking about how the Greek was lacking in the Reuchlin Codex, and he filled it in from the Latin in his copy of that codex.
 
===Answer to Edward Lee’s Annotations===
[[Image:1520 Erasmus Responsio to Lee.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<small>Erasmus' Responsio to Lee</small>]]
Erasmus replied to Lee in 1520.
:Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et er – ant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. … Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hic fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hic coronis tantum est operis.
 
:There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. … And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that the authorship was once uncertain. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.
 
Source:  Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 ll. 35-39 and 39-43; cf. p. 120 ll. 303-304. (1520) Translated by Erika Rummel
 
This section is actually dealing with one verse. Note: "There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few." 135 words of the last six verses are not "only a few".
 
===[[Franz Delitzsch]]===
[https://archive.org/details/handschriftlich00deligoog/page/n32/mode/2up?view=theater]


==See Also==
==See Also==

Revision as of 21:21, 30 October 2021

Erasmus’ first edition of the printed Greek and Latin New Testament dig-lot called the Novum Instrumentum (New Instrument) has been the subject of a vicious and unwarranted attack by textual critics. One of the accusations against Erasmus is that he possessed only one Greek manuscript of Revelation when he compiled the text of Revelation.

Anecdotes

Those who study Erasmus will be aware of the plethora of anecdotal stories that surround him. Some of these include

Erasmus was pressed for time and so rushed through the text of Revelation
Erasmus did not have a single manuscript with the complete book of Revelation
Erasmus produced a Greek text of the last six verses based on the Latin Vulgate
The Latin was more important to Erasmus than the Greek
Erasmus had a low view of the book of Revelation

[1]


Erasmus' Sources

Desiderius Erasmus's 1516 annotations

Erasmus also examined the Lauretianus Codex in Revelation 8:13 which was Laurentius Vallas manuscript with annotations.

Desiderius Erasmus's 1516 annotations

James White claims: “Erasmus used only one manuscript for Revelation”, but Erasmus said in Revelation 1:6

“sic enim est in graecis exemplaribus...”

Translated as

“It is in the Greek copies (plural)...”

Here are Erasmus's own words, from his Annotationes, page 675 (Full title: In Novum Testamentum annotationes, ab ipso autore iam quartum recognitae, & ex Graecis codicibus quos postea nactus est auctario neutiquam poenitendo locupletatae):

Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla verba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; [B]ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.

In English:

However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin.

Some more of Erasmus's own words, from his Responsio ad annotationes Eduardi Lei (“Answer to Edward Lee’s Annotations”), page 278:

Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et erant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. ... Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hic fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hic coronis tantum est operis.

In English:

There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna [gap] in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. ... And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that the authorship was once uncertain. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.

Erasmus's own words, from his Apologia qua respondet duabis inuectiuis Eduardi Lei (“Defense which responds to Edward Lee’s two invectives”), pages 54-55:

In calce Apocalypsis in exemplari quod tum nobis (erat unicum, nam is liber apud Graecos rarus est inventu), deerat unus atque alter versus. Eos nos addidimus, secuti Latinos codices. Et erant eiusmodi ut ex his quae praecesserant possent reponi. Cυm igitur Basileam mitterem recognitum exemplar, scripsi amicis ut ex aeditione Aldina restituerunt eum locum. Nam mihi nondum emptum erat hoc opus. Id ita, ut iussi, factum est. Queso, quid hic debetur Leo? An ipse quod deerat restituit? Atqui nullum habebat exemplar nisi meum. Sed admonuit. Quasi vero non hoc testatus sim in prioribus annotationibus, quid illic egissem et quid desyderarem.

In English:

At the end of the Apocalypse, the manuscript I used (I had only one, for the book is rarely found in Greek) was lacking one or two lines. I added them, following the Latin codices. They were of the kind that could be restored out of the preceding text. Thus, when I sent the revised copy to Basel, I wrote to my friends to restore the place out of the Aldine edition; for I had not yet bought that work. They did as I instructed them. What, I ask you, do I owe to Lee in this case? Did he himself restore what was missing? But he had no text except mine. Ah, but he warned me! As if I had not stated in the annotations of the first edition what I had done and what was missing.

Scrivener

Scrivener said in A plain introduction to the criticism of the New Testament concerning Erasmus that he may have used other Greek manuscripts for Revelation:

As Apoc. 1 was mutilated in the last six verses, Erasmus turned these into Greek from the Latin; and some portions of his self-made version, which are found (however some editors may speak vaguely) in no one known Greek manuscript whatever, still cleave to our received text ^. Besides this scanty roll, however, he not rarely refers in his Annotations to other manuscripts he had seen in the course of his travels (e. g. on Heb. i. 3 ; Apoc. i. 4 ; viii. 13), yet too indistinctly for his allusions to be of much use to critics. Some such readings, as alleged by him, have not been found elsewhere (e. g. Acts xxiv. 23 ; Rom. xii. 20), and may have been cited loosely from distant recollection (comp. Col. iii. 3 ; Heb. iv. 13 ; 3 Pet. iii. 1 ; Apoc. ii. 18). A plain introduction to the criticism of the New Testament for the use of Biblical students by Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose, 1813-1891; Miller, Edward, 1825-1901

Hoskier

Hoskier in Apocalypse 2, p. 637.

[‘Ea tamen ex latinis adjecimus’ scripsit Erasmus]

Gail Riplinger commented on this verse in her book In Awe of Thy Word, page 981:

William Combs pretends that the last six verses of Revelation” contain “errors in the KJV. He blindly claims, They have no Greek manuscript support whatsoever (William Combs, Detroit Baptist Seminary Journal, Erasmus and the Textus Receptus, Spring 1996, p. 47). The KJVs book of life is in Greek Manuscripts 051, 296, 2049, 2067 mg, as well as in the ancient Coptic and Arabic Bibles.
Herman Hoskier, the pre-eminent collator of the manuscripts of Revelation, said Erasmus did not take this reading from the Latin, but from Greek Manuscript 2049 or 141. It is also in Andreas manuscripts.
Combs assertions dissolve when one looks in any critical apparatus. (Please check: von Soden, Tischendorfs 8th edition, Nestle-Aland 26th edition, Alford, United Bible Societies, Metzgers Textual Commentary, Hoskier: Revelation, Charles: Revelation.
See Hoskiers Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse. If the reader cannot access the cited critical editions, J. Moormans book, When the KJV Departs from the [false] Majority Text of Hodges-Farstad, contains this and much additional information. It is available from A.V. Publications.
Contrary to Combs footnoted list of KJV errors: • The word ”and” is in Rev. 22:16 in MSS 296 and 2066 and 17 of Hoskiers Greek cursives. •
The second ”and” is also in Rev. 22:17 in Greek MSS 209, 218, 254, 296, 1894, 2049, 2050, 2066, 2075, 2321, as well as in the ancient Syriac, Coptic, Arminian, and Arabic Bibles.
In Rev. 22:18 ”for” is in Greek MS 2066 and 8 of Hoskiers cursives, as well as the ancient Coptic and Ethiopic Bibles.
“And from the things which are written in this book” is in Rev. 22:19 in Greek MS 296, 2049 and the ancient Arabic Bible.
Finally, ”you” is in Rev. 22:21 in Greek manuscript 296, 2050, 2066, and 15 of Hoskiers cursives, as well as in the ancient Ethiopic Bible.

NET Bible Notes

NET bible notes on the subject:

tc The Textus Receptus, on which the KJV rests, reads “the book” of life (ἀπὸ βίβλου, apo biblou) instead of “the tree” of life. When the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus translated the NT he had access to no Greek mss for the last six verses of Revelation. So he translated the Latin Vulgate back into Greek at this point. As a result he created seventeen textual variants which were not in any Greek mss. The most notorious of these is this reading. It is thus decidedly inauthentic, while “the tree” of life, found in the best and virtually all Greek mss, is clearly authentic. The confusion was most likely due to an intra-Latin switch: The form of the word for “tree” in Latin in this passage is ligno; the word for “book” is libro. The two-letter difference accounts for an accidental alteration in some Latin mss; that “book of life” as well as “tree of life” is a common expression in the Apocalypse probably accounts for why this was not noticed by Erasmus or the KJV translators. (This textual problem is not discussed in NA27.)

Dutch scholar Jan Krans (VU University, Amsterdam) has written a 19pp. refutation of the KJVO claims made by Thomas Holland in his book, Crowned with Glory, regarding the "tree of life"/"book of life" reading of Rev. 22:19.

Abstract:

"With Thomas Holland's lengthy discussion of a reading in Rev 22:19 as an example, this article shows how Holland’s way of doing New Testament textual criticism falls short on all academic standards. With respect to the main issue, Erasmus’ retranslation of the final verses of Revelation, Holland fails to properly find, address and evaluate both primary and secondary sources."

http://evangelicaltextualcriticism.blogspot.com/

http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/v16/Krans2011.pdf

Krans characterizes Holland's work as a "sloppy (lack of) scholarship" (p.6) and openly calls Holland's academic qualifications into question (p.1, n.1) and chooses to "refrain from using the title 'Dr.' which he [Holland] himself consistently uses."

But strangely Krans rejects evidence from early Latin fathers by saying:

"Are these Greek or Latin fathers and commentators? And if they are Latin, do they depend on the Vulgate for their text? And if this is conceivable, why count them as 'evidence' for the reading 'book of life'?" - Textualcriticism list, July 24, 2006.

But this is clearly stacking the evidence, as it is easily proven that early Latin writers were conversant also in Greek, and vice versa, and would have gladly used either Greek or Latin bibles. Also, any Latin quotes before 500 would most represent the Old Latin manuscripts rather than the Vulgate.

Krans states concerning Erasmus:

For Revelation, he based his Greek text on a single manuscript, minuscule 1r (now numbered 2814 according to the new Gregory-Aland number).2 This manuscript, however, lacks the final verses of the book, and in order to have a complete text, Erasmus retranslated these verses into Greek from the Latin. Elements of his retranslation survive in every edition of the so-called Textus Receptus, the standard text of the printed Greek New Testament until the nineteenth century.

Erasmus states more than once, as demonstrated infra, that he had several “copies” (“exemplars”) of even the scarcest text, the Apocalypse. For the latter, in at least one instance, he identifies his source: viz. the unpublished Aldine edition in Venice, which was based on manuscripts differing, in parts, from those drawn on by Erasmus for his first edition. In that instance a reading was obtained, on Erasmus’ instructions, by his co-editors in Basle, either in person, or by correspondence, from the Aldus printers. The exemplars mentioned by Erasmus were most probably, therefore, either his own copies of the “oldest and most correct” manuscripts, or those of his illustrious co-editors, supplementing the four original documents referred to supra. An example of the former is Erasmus’ “revised copy” (recognitum exemplar) of the text of the Apocalypse obtained from the Reuchlin codex which he sent to Basle to his co-editors, along with the instructions to procure from the Aldine edition the one reading he was missing. [2]

Erasmus said in his own words:

At the end of the Apocalypse, the manuscript I used (I had only one, for the book is rarely found in Greek) was lacking one or two lines. I added them, following the Latin codices. They were of the kind that could be restored out of the preceding text. Thus, when I sent the revised copy to Basel, I wrote to my friends to restore the place out of the Aldine edition; for I had not yet bought that work. They did as I instructed them. What, I ask you, do I owe to Lee in this case? Did he himself restore what was missing? But he had no text except mine. Ah, but he warned me! As if I had not stated in the annotations of the first edition what I had done and what was missing.
Krans' biased Latin translation

On pages 55-56 Krans offers a translation of Erasmus that is different from scholar Erika Rummel.

The Latin in Krans' book:

"Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et erant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. ... Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hie fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hie coronis tantum est operis" (Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 11. 35-39.39-43; cf. p. 120 11. 303-304 and Apolog. resp. inuect. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, pp. 54-55 11. 894-914).

Jan Krans:

There was no doubt that some things were missing, and it was not much. Therefore we completed the Greek from our Latin texts, so that there might be no gap. We did not want to hide this from the reader, however, and acknowledged in the Annotationes what we had done, in order that, if our words differed in some respect from those that the author of this work had provided, the reader who obtained a manuscript could restore them. ... And even this that we did here we would not have dared to do in the case of the Gospels nor indeed in the apostolic Epistles. The style of this book is very simple and its contents are mostly narrative, let alone the fact that its author has long since been unknown. Finally this place is only the ending of the book.

Erika Rummel:

There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. … And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that the authorship was once uncertain. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.
Krans' failure to connect the dots

In Chapter 2, on Page 32, of Jan Krans' book Beyond What is Written, he shows more error that is parroted by James White. In the context of homoeoteleuton...

"...Another clear description of the process can be found in Erasmus' reaction to one of Lee's criticisms:
I felt that the scribe had made an error for the following reason: because the words 'in this book' occur twice, he turned his eyes to the second instance, omitting the words in between. There is no stone on which the copyists stumble more often.16..."

Krans then has the footnote:

"...16 "Sensimus autem scribam per eam occasionem errasse, quod cum bis ponatur in libro isto ille ad posterius oculos deflexerit relictis que sunt in medio. Siquidem ad nullum lapidem frequentius impingunt librarii" (Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 11. 32-34). This description is nice and clearly based on acquaintance with scribal practice, but Erasmus is mistaken about the text-critical case he is describing. In min. 2814, the manuscript he used for Revelation in his first edition, the final verses of the book are not missing because of homoeoteleuton, but simply because a leaf of the manuscript is missing (actually — as is often stated — it is not the final leaf of the manuscript that is missing, but the leaf with, besides part of the commentary, the final verses of the text, to wit Rev 22:16-21, from the words ὁ ἀστὴρ at the end of verse 16 onwards). It has to be granted, however, that min. 2814 or its Vorlage certainly suffered from homoeoteleuton at many places. One might conclude that homoeoteleuton phenomena were familiar to Erasmus to such an extent that he could even use them as a subterfuge when he no longer remembered the exact state of affairs. For a harsher view, see Delitzsch, Handschriftliche Funde 1, pp. 14-15.

Notice that Erasmus clearly said it was homoeoteleuton, but Krans is following the errors of Delitzsch and not recognizing the two separate issues, one related to the Greek manuscripts containing homoeoteleuton in Revelation 22:19, and the other being the last 6 verses of the Reuchlin’s codex (2814) which he traveled to examine. By mixing these events and claiming Erasmus had only one manuscript for Revelation, this opens up all types of speculation and erroneous conclusions.

In krans' book Erasmus and the Text of Revelation 22:19 he writes in a footnote:

Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 ll. 35-39 and 39-43; cf. p. 120 ll. 303-304: “... quod in fine Apocalypsis paucula verba adiecerim Graeco codici ex nostris Latinis” (“... that at the end of Revelation I added some words to the Greek book on the basis of our Latin ones”). Translation Erika Rummel, CWE 72, p. 344. Instead of “the authorship was once uncertain”, I would prefer, with another nuance of “olim”, “the authorship has long since been uncertain”.

He admits he changed the entire meaning from Rummel by redefining Olim. The Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago. American Book Company, 1890 says:

ōlim adv.,
at that time, some time ago, once upon a time, once, formerly, of old: ut fuit olim Sisyphus, H.: sic olim loquebantur: ut erant olim: Alium esse censes nunc me, atque olim, T.—Once and again, now and then, at times, customarily, frequently, ever: saxum tunditur olim Fluctibus, etc., V.: ut pueris olim dant crustula Doctores, H.: ut olim vagantur apes, O.: Vestra meos olim si fistula dicat amores, if ever, V.—This long time, this good while: Audio quid veteres olim moneatis amici, Iu.—Of the future, one day, some time, hereafter: utinam coram tecum olim, potius quam per epistulas!: non si male nunc et olim Sic erit, H.: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit, V.
olim at that time, some time ago, once upon a time, once, formerly, of old (Lewis & Short Elem. Lewis)

Timelines

The first quotation

1516

Erasmus' Annotationes of 1516 at Revelation 22. Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla ver ba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.
Erasmus' Annotationes of 1519 at Revelation 22. (omitted)
Erasmus' Annotationes of 1522 at Revelation 22. (omitted)
Erasmus' Annotationes of 1527 at Revelation 22. (omitted)
Erasmus' Annotationes of 1535 at Revelation 22. (omitted)
Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla ver ba reperi apud nostros quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; ea tamen ex latinis adiecimus.
However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin.

Annotationes 1516, p. 675 (Mistakenly marked as 675)

1519

(Omit)

1522

(Omit)

1527

(Omit)

1535

(Omit)

So as we can see, Erasmus only quoted the words in the 1516 edition and no other. It seems clear that when Erasmus says: "However, at the end of this book, I found some words in our versions which were lacking in the Greek copies, but we added them from the Latin," that he is speaking about how the Greek was lacking in the Reuchlin Codex, and he filled it in from the Latin in his copy of that codex.

Answer to Edward Lee’s Annotations

Erasmus' Responsio to Lee

Erasmus replied to Lee in 1520.

Dubium non erat quin essent omissa, et er – ant perpauca. Proinde nos, ne hiaret lacuna, ex nostris Latinis supplevimus Graeca. Quod ipsum tamen noluimus latere lectorem, fassi in annotationibus quid a nobis esset factum ut, si quid dissiderent verba nostra ab his quae posuisset autor huius operis, lector nactus exemplar restitueret. … Et tamen hoc ipsum non eramus ausuri in Euangeliis, quod hic fecimus, ac ne in epistolis quidem apostolicis. Huius libri sermo simplicissimus est, et argumentum fere historicum, ne quid dicam, de autore olim incerto. Postremo locus hic coronis tantum est operis.
There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few. To avoid leaving a lacuna in my text, I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. I did not want to conceal this from the reader, however, and admitted in the annotations what I had done. My thought was that the reader, if he had access to a manuscript, could correct anything in our words that differed from those put by the author of this work. … And yet I would not have dared to do in the Gospels or even in the apostolic Epistles what I have done here. The language of this book is very simple, and the content has mostly a historical sense, not to mention that the authorship was once uncertain. Finally, this passage is merely the conclusion of the work.

Source: Resp. ad annot. Ed. Lei, ASD IX-4, p. 278 ll. 35-39 and 39-43; cf. p. 120 ll. 303-304. (1520) Translated by Erika Rummel

This section is actually dealing with one verse. Note: "There was no doubt that the words had been omitted, and they were only a few." 135 words of the last six verses are not "only a few".

Revelation 22:16-21

Revelation 22:16-21 KJV

Greek Editions

Revelation 22.16-21 in Desiderius Erasmus's 1516 edition

The last six verses of Erasmus' first edition of 1516 claimed to be a back-translation from the Latin:

Erasmus 1516
16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός.
17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω, καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
19 Καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βιβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βιβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα· ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ· Ἀμὴν καὶ ἔρχου Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν.
Stephanus 1550
16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός
17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε, καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε, καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω· καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν
18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ θεὸς ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ :19 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ
20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα, Ναί ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμήν, ναί, ἔρχου, κύριε Ἰησοῦ
21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν
Beza 1598
... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς, καὶ ὀρθρινός.
17 Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω, καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
19 Καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βιβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βιβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
20 Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα· ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμὴν καὶ ἔρχου Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν.
Scrivener 1881
16 ... ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός.
17 καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω, Ἐλθε. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω· καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν.
18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι γὰρ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου, ἐάν τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταὐτά, ἐπιθήσει ὁ Θεὸς ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
19 καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βίβλου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφαιρήσει ὁ Θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου τῆς ζωῆς, καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας, καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ.
20 λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα, ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. ἀμήν. Ναί ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ.
21 Ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ημῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. ἀμήν.
Verse 1881 1598 1550 1535 1527 1522 1519 1516 1514
22:16 ο
22:16 ἀστὴρ ἀστὴρ ἀστὴρ ἀστὴρ αστήρ
22:16 ο
22:16 λαμπρὸς λαμπρὸς, λαμπρὸς λαμπρός, λαμπρός
22:16 καὶ καὶ καὶ καὶ ο
22:16 ὀρθρινός. ὀρθρινός. ὀρθρινός. ὀρθρινός. πρωϊνός.
22:17 καὶ Καὶ Καὶ καὶ και
22:17 τὸ τὸ τὸ τὸ το
22:17 Πνεῦμα πνεῦμα πνεῦμα πνεῦμα πνεῦμα
22:17 καὶ καὶ καὶ καὶ και
22:17 η
22:17 νύμφη νύμφη νύμφη νύμφη νύμφη
22:17 λέγουσιν, λέγουσιν, λέγουσιν, λέγουσιν, λέγουσιν
22:17 Ἐλθε. Ἐλθε. Ἐλθε, ἐλθέ. έρχου.
22:17 καὶ καὶ καὶ καὶ και
22:17 ο
22:17 ἀκούων ἀκούων ἀκούων ἀκούων ἀκούων
22:17 εἰπάτω, εἰπάτω, εἰπάτω, εἰπάτω, ειπάτω
22:17 Ἐλθε. Ἐλθε. Ἐλθε, ἐλθέ. έρχου.
22:17 καὶ καὶ καὶ καὶ και
22:17 ο
22:17 διψῶν διψῶν διψῶν διψῶν, διψῶν
22:17 ἐλθέτω· ἐλθέτω, ἐλθέτω· ἐλθέτω. ἐλθέτω·
22:17 καὶ καὶ καὶ καὶ
22:17
22:17 θέλων θέλων θέλων
22:17 λαμβανέτω λαμβανέτω λαμβανέτω
22:17 τὸ τὸ τὸ
22:17 ὕδωρ ὕδωρ ύδωρ
22:17 ζωῆς ζωῆς ζωής
22:17 δωρεάν. δωρεάν. δωρεάν.
22:18 Συμμαρτυροῦμαι Συμμαρτυροῦμαι
22:18 γὰρ γὰρ
22:18 παντὶ παντὶ
22:18 ἀκούοντι ἀκούοντι
22:18 τοὺς τοὺς
22:18 λόγους λόγους
22:18 τῆς τῆς
22:18 προφητείας προφητείας
22:18 τοῦ τοῦ
22:18 βιβλίου βιβλίου
22:18 τούτου, τούτου,
22:18 ἐάν ἐάν
22:18 τις τις
22:18 ἐπιτιθῇ ἐπιτιθῇ
22:18 πρὸς πρὸς
22:18 ταὐτά, ταῦτα,
22:18 ἐπιθήσει ἐπιθήσει
22:18
22:18 Θεὸς Print error
22:18 ἐπ’ ἐπ᾽
22:18 αὐτὸν αὐτὸν
22:18 τὰς τὰς
22:18 πληγὰς πληγὰς
22:18 τὰς τὰς
22:18 γεγραμμένας γεγραμμένας
22:18 ἐν ἐν
22:18 βιβλίῳ βιβλίῳ
22:18 τούτῳ· τούτῳ·
22:19 καὶ Καὶ
22:19 ἐάν ἐάν
22:19 τις τις
22:19 ἀφαιρῇ ἀφέλῃ
22:19 ἀπὸ ἀπὸ
22:19 τῶν τῶν
22:19 λόγων λόγων
22:19 βίβλου βιβλου
22:19 τῆς τῆς
22:19 προφητείας προφητείας
22:19 ταύτης, ταύτης,
22:19 ἀφαιρήσει ἀφελεῖ
22:19
22:19 Θεὸς θεὸς
22:19 τὸ τὸ
22:19 μέρος μέρος
22:19 αὐτοῦ αὐτοῦ
22:19 ἀπὸ ἀπὸ
22:19 βίβλου βιβλου
22:19 τῆς τῆς
22:19 ζωῆς, ζωῆς,
22:19 καὶ καὶ
22:19 ἐκ ἐκ
22:19 τῆς τῆς
22:19 πόλεως πόλεως
22:19 τῆς τῆς
22:19 ἁγίας, ἁγίας,
22:19 καὶ καὶ
22:19 τῶν τῶν
22:19 γεγραμμένων γεγραμμένων
22:19 ἐν ἐν
22:19 βιβλίῳ βιβλίῳ
22:19 τούτῳ. τούτῳ.
22:20 λέγει Λέγει
22:20
22:20 μαρτυρῶν μαρτυρῶν
22:20 ταῦτα, ταῦτα·
22:20 ναί, ναί,
22:20 ἔρχομαι ἔρχομαι
22:20 ταχύ. ταχύ.
22:20 ἀμήν. Ἀμὴν
22:20 Ναί καὶ
22:20 ἔρχου ἔρχου
22:20 Κύριε Κύριε
22:20 Ἰησοῦ. Ἰησοῦ.
22:21
22:21 χάρις χάρις
22:21 τοῦ τοῦ
22:21 Κυρίου Κυρίου
22:21 ημῶν ἡμῶν
22:21 Ἰησοῦ Ἰησοῦ
22:21 Χριστοῦ Χριστοῦ
22:21 μετὰ μετὰ
22:21 πάντων πάντων
22:21 ὑμῶν. ὑμῶν.
22:21 ἀμήν. Ἀμήν.

(Unfinished chart)

See Also

The King James Version 2023 Edition New Testament is now complete and in print format here.

List of New Testament Papyri

𝔓1 · 𝔓2 · 𝔓3 · 𝔓4 · 𝔓5 · 𝔓6 · 𝔓7 · 𝔓8 · 𝔓9 · 𝔓10 · 𝔓11 · 𝔓12 · 𝔓13 · 𝔓14 · 𝔓15 · 𝔓16 · 𝔓17 · 𝔓18 · 𝔓19 · 𝔓20 · 𝔓21 · 𝔓22 · 𝔓23 · 𝔓24 · 𝔓25 · 𝔓26 · 𝔓27 · 𝔓28 · 𝔓29 · 𝔓30 · 𝔓31 · 𝔓32 · 𝔓33 · 𝔓34 · 𝔓35 · 𝔓36 · 𝔓37 · 𝔓38 · 𝔓39 · 𝔓40 · 𝔓41 · 𝔓42 · 𝔓43 · 𝔓44 · 𝔓45 · 𝔓46 · 𝔓47 · 𝔓48 · 𝔓49 · 𝔓50 · 𝔓51 · 𝔓52 · 𝔓53 · 𝔓54 · 𝔓55 · 𝔓56 · 𝔓57 · 𝔓58 · 𝔓59 · 𝔓60 · 𝔓61 · 𝔓62 · 𝔓63 · 𝔓64 · 𝔓65 · 𝔓66 · 𝔓67 · 𝔓68 · 𝔓69 · 𝔓70 · 𝔓71 · 𝔓72 · 𝔓73 · 𝔓74 · 𝔓75 · 𝔓76 · 𝔓77 · 𝔓78 · 𝔓79 · 𝔓80 · 𝔓81 · 𝔓82 · 𝔓83 · 𝔓84 · 𝔓85 · 𝔓86 · 𝔓87 · 𝔓88 · 𝔓89 · 𝔓90 · 𝔓91 · 𝔓92 · 𝔓93 · 𝔓94 · 𝔓95 · 𝔓96 · 𝔓97 · 𝔓98 · 𝔓99 · 𝔓100 · 𝔓101 · 𝔓102 · 𝔓103 · 𝔓104 · 𝔓105 · 𝔓106 · 𝔓107 · 𝔓108 · 𝔓109 · 𝔓110 · 𝔓111 · 𝔓112 · 𝔓113 · 𝔓114 · 𝔓115 · 𝔓116 · 𝔓117 · 𝔓118 · 𝔓119 · 𝔓120 · 𝔓121 · 𝔓122 · 𝔓123 · 𝔓124 · 𝔓125 · 𝔓126 · 𝔓127 · 𝔓128 · 𝔓129 · 𝔓130 · 𝔓131 · 𝔓132 · 𝔓133 · 𝔓134 · 𝔓135 · 𝔓136 · 𝔓137 · 𝔓138 · 𝔓139 · 𝔓140 ·


List of New Testament minuscules

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206 · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 333 · 334 · 335 · 336 · 337 · 338 · 339 · 340 · 341 · 342 · 343 · 344 · 345 · 346 · 347 · 348 · 349 · 350 · 351 · 352 · 353 · 354 · 355 · 356 · 357 · 358 · 359 · 360 · 361 · 362 · 363 · 364 · 365 · 366 · 367 · 368 · 369 · 370 · 371 · 372 · 373 · 374 · 375 · 376 · 377 · 378 · 379 · 380 · 381 · 382 · 383 · 384 · 385 · 386 · 387 · 388 · 389 · 390 · 391 · 392 · 393 · 394 · 395 · 396 · 397 · 398 · 399 · 400 · 401 · 402 · 403 · 404 · 405 · 406 · 407 · 408 · 409 · 410 · 411 · 412 · 413 · 414 · 415 · 416 · 417 · 418 · 419 · 420 · 421 · 422 · 423 · 424 · 425 · 426 · 427 · 428 · 429 · 430 · 431 · 432 · 433 · 434 · 435 · 436 · 437 · 438 · 439 · 440 · 441 · 442 · 443 · 444 · 445 · 446 · 447 · 448 · 449 · 450 · 451 · 452 · 453 · 454 · 455 · 456 · 457 · 458 · 459 · 460 · 461 · 462 · 463 · 464 · 465 · 466 · 467 · 468 · 469 · 470 · 471 · 472 · 473 · 474 · 475 · 476 · 477 · 478 · 479 · 480 · 481 · 482 · 483 · 484 · 485 · 486 · 487 · 488 · 489 · 490 · 491 · 492 · 493 · 494 · 495 · 496 · 497 · 498 · 499 · 500 · 501 · 502 · 503 · 504 · 505 · 506 · 507 · 543 · 544 · 565 · 566 · 579 · 585 · 614 · 639 · 653 · 654 · 655 · 656 · 657 · 658 · 659 · 660 · 661 · 669 · 676 · 685 · 700 · 798 · 823 · 824 · 825 · 826 · 827 · 828 · 829 · 830 · 831 · 876 · 891 · 892 · 893 · 918 · 1071 · 1143 · 1152 · 1241 · 1253 · 1423 · 1424 · 1432 · 1582 · 1739 · 1780 · 1813 · 1834 · 2050 · 2053 · 2059 · 2060 · 2061 · 2062 · 2174 · 2268 · 2344 · 2423 · 2427 · 2437 · 2444 · 2445 · 2446 · 2460 · 2464 · 2491 · 2495 · 2612 · 2613 · 2614 · 2615 · 2616 · 2641 · 2754 · 2755 · 2756 · 2757 · 2766 · 2767 · 2768 · 2793 · 2802 · 2803 · 2804 · 2805 · 2806 · 2807 · 2808 · 2809 · 2810 · 2811 · 2812 · 2813 · 2814 · 2815 · 2816 · 2817 · 2818 · 2819 · 2820 · 2821 · 2855 · 2856 · 2857 · 2858 · 2859 · 2860 · 2861 · 2862 · 2863 · 2881 · 2882 · 2907 · 2965 ·


List of New Testament uncials

01 · 02 · 03 · 04 · 05 · 06 · 07 · 08 · 09 · 010 · 011 · 012 · 013 · 014 · 015 · 016 · 017 · 018 · 019 · 020 · 021 · 022 · 023 · 024 · 025 · 026 · 027 · 028 · 029 · 030 · 031 · 032 · 033 · 034 · 035 · 036 · 037 · 038 · 039 · 040 · 041 · 042 · 043 · 044 · 045 · 046 · 047 · 048 · 049 · 050 · 051 · 052 · 053 · 054 · 055 · 056 · 057 · 058 · 059 · 060 · 061 · 062 · 063 · 064 · 065 · 066 · 067 · 068 · 069 · 070 · 071 · 072 · 073 · 074 · 075 · 076 · 077 · 078 · 079 · 080 · 081 · 082 · 083 · 084 · 085 · 086 · 087 · 088 · 089 · 090 · 091 · 092 · 093 · 094 · 095 · 096 · 097 · 098 · 099 · 0100 · 0101 · 0102 · 0103 · 0104 · 0105 · 0106 · 0107 · 0108 · 0109 · 0110 · 0111 · 0112 · 0113 · 0114 · 0115 · 0116 · 0117 · 0118 · 0119 · 0120 · 0121 · 0122 · 0123 · 0124 · 0125 · 0126 · 0127 · 0128 · 0129 · 0130 · 0131 · 0132 · 0134 · 0135 · 0136 · 0137 · 0138 · 0139 · 0140 · 0141 · 0142 · 0143 · 0144 · 0145 · 0146 · 0147 · 0148 · 0149 · 0150 · 0151 · 0152 · 0153 · 0154 · 0155 · 0156 · 0157 · 0158 · 0159 · 0160 · 0161 · 0162 · 0163 · 0164 · 0165 · 0166 · 0167 · 0168 · 0169 · 0170 · 0171 · 0172 · 0173 · 0174 · 0175 · 0176 · 0177 · 0178 · 0179 · 0180 · 0181 · 0182 · 0183 · 0184 · 0185 · 0186 · 0187 · 0188 · 0189 · 0190 · 0191 · 0192 · 0193 · 0194 · 0195 · 0196 · 0197 · 0198 · 0199 · 0200 · 0201 · 0202 · 0203 · 0204 · 0205 · 0206 · 0207 · 0208 · 0209 · 0210 · 0211 · 0212 · 0213 · 0214 · 0215 · 0216 · 0217 · 0218 · 0219 · 0220 · 0221 · 0222 · 0223 · 0224 · 0225 · 0226 · 0227 · 0228 · 0229 · 0230 · 0231 · 0232 · 0234 · 0235 · 0236 · 0237 · 0238 · 0239 · 0240 · 0241 · 0242 · 0243 · 0244 · 0245 · 0246 · 0247 · 0248 · 0249 · 0250 · 0251 · 0252 · 0253 · 0254 · 0255 · 0256 · 0257 · 0258 · 0259 · 0260 · 0261 · 0262 · 0263 · 0264 · 0265 · 0266 · 0267 · 0268 · 0269 · 0270 · 0271 · 0272 · 0273 · 0274 · 0275 · 0276 · 0277 · 0278 · 0279 · 0280 · 0281 · 0282 · 0283 · 0284 · 0285 · 0286 · 0287 · 0288 · 0289 · 0290 · 0291 · 0292 · 0293 · 0294 · 0295 · 0296 · 0297 · 0298 · 0299 · 0300 · 0301 · 0302 · 0303 · 0304 · 0305 · 0306 · 0307 · 0308 · 0309 · 0310 · 0311 · 0312 · 0313 · 0314 · 0315 · 0316 · 0317 · 0318 · 0319 · 0320 · 0321 · 0322 · 0323 ·


List of New Testament lectionaries

1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 25b · 26 · 27 · 28 · 29 · 30 · 31 · 32 · 33 · 34 · 35 · 36 · 37 · 38 · 39 · 40 · 41 · 42 · 43 · 44 · 45 · 46 · 47 · 48 · 49 · 50 · 51 · 52 · 53 · 54 · 55 · 56 · 57 · 58 · 59 · 60 · 61 · 62 · 63 · 64 · 65 · 66 · 67 · 68 · 69 · 70 · 71 · 72 · 73 · 74 · 75 · 76 · 77 · 78 · 79 · 80 · 81 · 82 · 83 · 84 · 85 · 86 · 87 · 88 · 89 · 90 · 91 · 92 · 93 · 94 · 95 · 96 · 97 · 98 · 99 · 100 · 101 · 102 · 103 · 104 · 105 · 106 · 107 · 108 · 109 · 110 · 111 · 112 · 113 · 114 · 115 · 116 · 117 · 118 · 119 · 120 · 121 · 122 · 123 · 124 · 125 · 126 · 127 · 128 · 129 · 130 · 131 · 132 · 133 · 134 · 135 · 136 · 137 · 138 · 139 · 140 · 141 · 142 · 143 · 144 · 145 · 146 · 147 · 148 · 149 · 150 · 151 · 152 · 153 · 154 · 155 · 156 · 157 · 158 · 159 · 160 · 161 · 162 · 163 · 164 · 165 · 166 · 167 · 168 · 169 · 170 · 171 · 172 · 173 · 174 · 175 · 176 · 177 · 178 · 179 · 180 · 181 · 182 · 183 · 184 · 185 · 186 · 187 · 188 · 189 · 190 · 191 · 192 · 193 · 194 · 195 · 196 · 197 · 198 · 199 · 200 · 201 · 202 · 203 · 204 · 205 · 206a · 206b · 207 · 208 · 209 · 210 · 211 · 212 · 213 · 214 · 215 · 216 · 217 · 218 · 219 · 220 · 221 · 222 · 223 · 224 · 225 · 226 · 227 · 228 · 229 · 230 · 231 · 232 · 233 · 234 · 235 · 236 · 237 · 238 · 239 · 240 · 241 · 242 · 243 · 244 · 245 · 246 · 247 · 248 · 249 · 250 · 251 · 252 · 253 · 254 · 255 · 256 · 257 · 258 · 259 · 260 · 261 · 262 · 263 · 264 · 265 · 266 · 267 · 268 · 269 · 270 · 271 · 272 · 273 · 274 · 275 · 276 · 277 · 278 · 279 · 280 · 281 · 282 · 283 · 284 · 285 · 286 · 287 · 288 · 289 · 290 · 291 · 292 · 293 · 294 · 295 · 296 · 297 · 298 · 299 · 300 · 301 · 302 · 303 · 304 · 305 · 306 · 307 · 308 · 309 · 310 · 311 · 312 · 313 · 314 · 315 · 316 · 317 · 318 · 319 · 320 · 321 · 322 · 323 · 324 · 325 · 326 · 327 · 328 · 329 · 330 · 331 · 332 · 368 · 449 · 451 · 501 · 502 · 542 · 560 · 561 · 562 · 563 · 564 · 648 · 649 · 809 · 965 · 1033 · 1358 · 1386 · 1491 · 1423 · 1561 · 1575 · 1598 · 1599 · 1602 · 1604 · 1614 · 1619 · 1623 · 1637 · 1681 · 1682 · 1683 · 1684 · 1685 · 1686 · 1691 · 1813 · 1839 · 1965 · 1966 · 1967 · 2005 · 2137 · 2138 · 2139 · 2140 · 2141 · 2142 · 2143 · 2144 · 2145 · 2164 · 2208 · 2210 · 2211 · 2260 · 2261 · 2263 · 2264 · 2265 · 2266 · 2267 · 2276 · 2307 · 2321 · 2352 · 2404 · 2405 · 2406 · 2411 · 2412 ·



New book available with irrefutable evidence for the reading in the TR and KJV.
Revelation 16:5 book
Revelation 16:5 book
Revelation 16:5 and the Triadic Declaration - A defense of the reading of “shalt be” in the Authorized Version